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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rpmj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Research'n Practical Medicine Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Research and Practical Medicine Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2410-1893</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"QUASAR", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17709/2410-1893-2024-11-3-8</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">LBZYQF</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rpmj-1031</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Review</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Синовиальная саркома: молекулярно-биологические особенности, роль элементов тканевого микроокружения и их прогностическое значение</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Synovial sarcoma: molecular and biological features, the role of tissue microenvironment elements and their prognostic significance</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3772-6643</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Буланов</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bulanov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> </p><p>Буланов Дмитрий Владимирович – к.м.н., врач-патологоанатом, доцент кафедры патологической анатомии и клинической патологической анатомии Института биологии и патологии человека ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н. И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Москва, Российская Федерация</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3772-6643" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3772-6643</ext-link>, SPIN: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?authorid=1102049" ext-link-type="uri">2641-6658</ext-link>, AuthorID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?authorid=1102049" ext-link-type="uri">1102049</ext-link>, Scopus Author ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57189492346" ext-link-type="uri">57189492346</ext-link>, Web of Science ResearcherID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/59854956" ext-link-type="uri">KVY-3412-2024</ext-link></p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> </p><p>Dmitriy V. Bulanov – Cand. Sci. (Medicine), MD, Pathologist, Associate Professor at the Department of Pathological Anatomy and Clinical Pathological Anatomy, Institute of Biology and Human Pathology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3772-6643" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3772-6643</ext-link>, SPIN: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?spin=2641-6658" ext-link-type="uri">2641-6658</ext-link>, AuthorID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=1102049" ext-link-type="uri">1102049</ext-link>, Scopus Author ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57189492346" ext-link-type="uri">57189492346</ext-link>, Web of Science ResearcherID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/KVY-3412-2024" ext-link-type="uri">KVY-3412-2024</ext-link></p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dbulanov81@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8447-2600</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демяшкин</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demyashkin</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> </p><p>Демяшкин Григорий Александрович – д.м.н., врач-патологоанатом, гистолог, заведующий отделом патоморфологии Медицинского радиологического научного центра им. А. Ф. Цыба – филиал ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Обнинск, Российская Федерация</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8447-2600" ext-link-type="uri">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8447-2600</ext-link>, SPIN: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=645433" ext-link-type="uri">5157-0177</ext-link>, AuthorID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=645433" ext-link-type="uri">645433</ext-link>, Scopus Author ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57200415197" ext-link-type="uri">57200415197</ext-link>, Web of Science ResearcherID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/2418983" ext-link-type="uri">ABD-7650-2021</ext-link></p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> </p><p>Grigory A. Demyashkin – Dr. Sci. (Medicine), MD, pathologist, histologist, Head of the Department of Pathomorphology, A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russian Federation</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8447-2600" ext-link-type="uri">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8447-2600</ext-link>, SPIN: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?spin=5157-0177" ext-link-type="uri">5157-0177</ext-link>, AuthorID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=645433" ext-link-type="uri">645433</ext-link>, Scopus Author ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57200415197" ext-link-type="uri">57200415197</ext-link>, Web of Science ResearcherID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/ABD-7650-2021" ext-link-type="uri">ABD-7650-2021</ext-link></p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.dga@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4942-5207</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Донцов</surname><given-names>И. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dontsov</surname><given-names>I. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> </p><p>Донцов Иван Дмитриевич – студент лечебного факультета ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н. И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Москва, Российская Федерация</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4942-5207" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4942-5207</ext-link></p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> </p><p>Ivan D. Dontsov – student, general medicine faculty, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4942-5207" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4942-5207</ext-link></p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">donya84id@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9755-1164</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шегай</surname><given-names>П. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shegai</surname><given-names>P. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> </p><p>Шегай Пётр Викторович – к.м.н., онколог, заместитель генерального директора ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Москва, Российская Федерация</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9755-1164" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9755-1164</ext-link>, SPIN: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=708894" ext-link-type="uri">6849-3221</ext-link>, AuthorID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=708894" ext-link-type="uri">708894</ext-link>, Scopus Author ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=16025544200" ext-link-type="uri">16025544200</ext-link>, Web of Science ResearcherID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/254822" ext-link-type="uri">E-9611-2014</ext-link></p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> </p><p>Petr V. Shegai – Cand. Sci. (Medicine), MD, Oncologist, Deputy General Director, National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Moscow, Russian Federation</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9755-1164" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9755-1164</ext-link>, SPIN: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?spin=6849-3221" ext-link-type="uri">6849-3221</ext-link>, AuthorID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=708894" ext-link-type="uri">708894</ext-link>, Scopus Author ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=16025544200" ext-link-type="uri">16025544200</ext-link>, Web of Science ResearcherID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/E-9611-2014" ext-link-type="uri">E-9611-2014</ext-link></p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.shegai@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8784-8415</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каприн</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kaprin</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> </p><p>Каприн Андрей Дмитриевич – д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН, академик РАО, директор Московского научно-исследовательского онкологического института им. П. А. Герцена – филиал ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Москва, Российская Федерация; генеральный директор ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Обнинск, Российская Федерация; заведующий кафедрой онкологии и рентгенорадиологии им. В. П. Харченко Медицинского института ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов», г. Москва, Российская Федерация</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8784-8415" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8784-8415</ext-link>, SPIN: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?spin=1759-8101" ext-link-type="uri">1759-8101</ext-link>, AuthorID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=96775" ext-link-type="uri">96775</ext-link>, Scopus Author ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=6602709853" ext-link-type="uri">6602709853</ext-link>, ResearcherID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/K-1445-2014" ext-link-type="uri">K-1445-2014</ext-link></p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> </p><p>Andrey D. Kaprin – Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician of the Russian Academy of Education, Director of P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute – Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation; General Director of National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russian Federation; Head of the Department of Oncology and Radiology named after V.P. Kharchenko at the Medical Institute. V.P. Kharchenko Medical Institute of Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.rpmj.ru/rpmj/article/view/%C2%A0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8784-8415" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8784-8415</ext-link>, SPIN: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?spin=1759-8101" ext-link-type="uri">1759-8101</ext-link>, AuthorID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=96775" ext-link-type="uri">96775</ext-link>, Scopus Author ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=6602709853" ext-link-type="uri">6602709853</ext-link>, ResearcherID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/K-1445-2014" ext-link-type="uri">K-1445-2014</ext-link></p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kaprin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н. И. Пирогова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации &lt;p&gt;&#13;
г. Москва, Российская Федерация</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University &lt;p&gt;&#13;
Moscow, Russian Federation</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Медицинский радиологический научный центр им. А. Ф. Цыба – филиал ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации &lt;p&gt;&#13;
г. Обнинск, Российская Федерация</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre – Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation &lt;p&gt;&#13;
Obninsk, Russian Federation</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации &lt;p&gt;&#13;
г. Москва, Российская Федерация</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Radiological Centre &lt;p&gt;&#13;
Moscow, Russian Federation</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; &lt;p&gt;&#13;
Московский научно-исследовательский онкологический институт им. П. А. Герцена – филиал ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; &lt;p&gt; &#13;
Российский университет дружбы народов &lt;p&gt;&#13;
г. Москва, Российская Федерация</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Radiological Centre; &lt;p&gt;&#13;
P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute – Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre; &lt;p&gt;&#13;
Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University) &lt;p&gt;&#13;
Moscow, Russian Federation</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>103</fpage><lpage>110</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Буланов Д.В., Демяшкин Г.А., Донцов И.Д., Шегай П.В., Каприн А.Д., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Буланов Д.В., Демяшкин Г.А., Донцов И.Д., Шегай П.В., Каприн А.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bulanov D.V., Demyashkin G.A., Dontsov I.D., Shegai P.V., Kaprin A.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rpmj.ru/rpmj/article/view/1031">https://www.rpmj.ru/rpmj/article/view/1031</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Анализ молекулярно-биологических особенностей синовиальной саркомы (СС), а также ее тканевого микроокружения по данным современных исследований.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Анализ литературных источников проводили преимущественно в базах «Истина» и «PubMed», ограничиваясь датой публикации с 2019 по 2023 гг. Ключевыми словами для поиска являлись: «синовиальная саркома», «хромосомные аберрации», «канцерогенез», «synovial sarcoma», «chromosomal aberrations», «carcinogenesis».</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Понимание молекулярных механизмов и сигнальных путей в развитии СС может привести к разработке более эффективных стратегий лечения. Важность дальнейших исследований в этой области невозможно переоценить, так как они могут предоставить новые данные для создания инновационных подходов, направленных на улучшение прогноза и качества жизни пациентов. Хромосомные аберрации, такие как транслокации и делеции, могут приводить к активации онкогенов или инактивации генов- супрессоров опухолей, что, в свою очередь, способствует злокачественной трансформации клеток. Эпигенетические изменения, такие как метилирование ДНК и модификации гистонов, также играют важную роль в регуляции генов, связанных с ростом и выживанием опухолевых клеток. Нарушения в этих процессах могут способствовать опухолевому прогрессированию, изменяя экспрессию ключевых генов, вовлеченных в клеточный цикл, апоптоз и ангиогенез. Дополнительно, часть обзора посвящена взаимодействию атипичных клеток на фоне хромосомных аберраций и эпигенетических изменений с микроокружением СС. Эти факторы могут оказывать определенное влияние на рост и прогрессию синовиальной саркомы. Кроме того, в обзоре обсуждаются различные аспекты диагностики СС с использованием современных молекулярно-генетических методов. Приводятся примеры успешного применения таргетной терапии и иммунотерапии, которые открывают новые перспективы в лечении этого заболевания.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Выявлена значимость молекулярно-биологического и молекулярно-генетического анализа СС для возможности междисциплинарного подхода в исследовании и лечении этой агрессивной злокачественной опухоли.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Purpose of the study</title><p>Purpose of the study. Analysis of the molecular and biological features of synovial sarcoma (SS), as well as its tissue microenvironment according to modern research.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The analysis of literature sources was carried out mainly in the databases «Istina» and «PubMed», publication date limitations were set up from 2019 to 2023. The following keywords for the search were used: «synovial sarcoma», «chromosomal aberrations», «carcinogenesis».</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Understanding the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways in the development of SS may lead to the development of more effective treatment strategies. The importance of further research in this area cannot be overestimated, as it can provide new data to create innovative approaches aimed at improving the prognosis and quality of patients’ lives. Chromosomal aberrations, such as translocations and deletions, can lead to the activation of oncogenes or inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, which, in turn, contributes to the malignant transformation of cells. Epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation and histone modifications also play an important role in the regulation of genes related to the growth and survival of tumor cells. Disorders in these processes can contribute to tumor progression by altering the expression of key genes involved in the cell cycle, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Additionally, part of the review is devoted to the interaction of atypical cells against the background of chromosomal aberrations and epigenetic changes with the SS microenvironment. These factors may have a certain effect on the growth and progression of synovial sarcoma. In addition, the review discusses various aspects of the diagnosis of SS using modern molecular genetic methods. Examples of successful use of targeted therapy and immunotherapy are given, which open up new prospects in the treatment of this disease.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The importance of molecular biological and molecular genetic analysis of SS for the possibility of an interdisciplinary approach in the study and treatment of this aggressive malignant tumor has been revealed.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>синовиальная саркома</kwd><kwd>хромосомные аберрации</kwd><kwd>канцерогенез</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>synovial sarcoma</kwd><kwd>chromosomal aberrations</kwd><kwd>carcinogenesis</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">финансирование данной работы не проводилось.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">this work was not funded.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hale R, Sandakly S, Shipley J, Walters Z. Epigenetic Targets in Synovial Sarcoma: A Mini-Review. 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