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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rpmj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Research'n Practical Medicine Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Research and Practical Medicine Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2410-1893</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"QUASAR", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17709/2410-1893-2025-12-1-7</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">EEDPOJ</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rpmj-1079</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Review</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Морфологические и молекулярно-биологические особенности молочной железы: современный взгляд</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Morphological and molecular biological features of the mammary gland: a modern view</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8447-2600</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демяшкин</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demyashkin</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> </p><p>Демяшкин Григорий Александрович – д.м.н., врач-патологоанатом, заведующий отделом цифровой онкоморфологии Московского научно-исследовательского онкологического института им. П. А. Герцена – филиал ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Москва, Российская Федерация</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8447-2600" ext-link-type="uri">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8447-2600</ext-link></p><p>SPIN: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=645433" ext-link-type="uri">5157-0177</ext-link>, AuthorID:<ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=645433" ext-link-type="uri"> 645433</ext-link></p><p>Scopus Author ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57200415197" ext-link-type="uri">57200415197</ext-link></p><p>Web of Science ResearcherID:<ext-link xlink:href="https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/2418983" ext-link-type="uri"> ABD-7650-2021</ext-link></p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> </p><p>Grigory A. Demyashkin – Dr. Sci. (Medicine), MD, Pathologist, Head of the Department of Digital Oncomorphology, P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute – Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8447-2600" ext-link-type="uri">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8447-2600</ext-link></p><p>SPIN: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=645433" ext-link-type="uri">5157-0177</ext-link>, AuthorID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=645433" ext-link-type="uri">645433</ext-link></p><p>Scopus Author ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57200415197" ext-link-type="uri">57200415197</ext-link></p><p>Web of Science ResearcherID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/2418983" ext-link-type="uri">ABD-7650-2021</ext-link></p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.dga@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3746-3924</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белокопытов</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belokopytov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> </p><p>Белокопытов Дмитрий Вячеславович – лаборант-исследователь отдела цифровой онкоморфологии Московского научно-исследовательского онкологического института им. П. А. Герцена – филиал ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Москва, Российская Федерация</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3746-3924" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3746-3924</ext-link></p><p>SPIN: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_items.asp?authorid=1267929" ext-link-type="uri">9686-3476</ext-link>, AuthorID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_items.asp?authorid=1267929" ext-link-type="uri">1267929</ext-link></p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> </p><p>Dmitriy V. Belokopytov – laboratory researcher at the Department of Digital Oncomorphology, P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute – Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3746-3924" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3746-3924</ext-link></p><p>SPIN: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_items.asp?authorid=1267929" ext-link-type="uri">9686-3476</ext-link>, AuthorID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_items.asp?authorid=1267929" ext-link-type="uri">1267929</ext-link></p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">beldimbur@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5833-3401</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гузик</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Guzik</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> </p><p>Гузик Анастасия Андреевна – соискатель Московского научно-исследовательского онкологического института им. П. А. Герцена – филиал ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Москва, Российская Федерация</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5833-3401" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5833-3401</ext-link></p><p>SPIN: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=1270642" ext-link-type="uri">2544-8240</ext-link>, AuthorID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=1270642" ext-link-type="uri">1270642</ext-link></p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> </p><p>Anastasia A. Guzik – сandidate, P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute – Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5833-3401" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5833-3401</ext-link></p><p>SPIN: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=1270642" ext-link-type="uri">2544-8240</ext-link>, AuthorID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=1270642" ext-link-type="uri">1270642</ext-link></p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Doctor.guzik@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3013-1323</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мимуни</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mimuni</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> </p><p>Мимуни Елизавета Вячеславовна – студент Института клинической медицины им. Н. В. Склифосовского ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И. М. Сеченова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет), г. Москва, Российская Федерация</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3013-1323" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3013-1323</ext-link></p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> </p><p>Elizaveta V. Mimuni – student, Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3013-1323" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3013-1323</ext-link></p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elizzaveta21@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3763-7454</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щекин</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchekin</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> </p><p>Щекин Владимир Иванович – лаборант-исследователь отдела цифровой онкоморфологии Московского научно-исследовательского онкологического института им. П. А. Герцена – филиал ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Москва, Российская Федерация</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3763-7454" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3763-7454</ext-link></p><p>SPIN: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=1109647" ext-link-type="uri">3664-8044</ext-link>, AuthorID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=1109647" ext-link-type="uri">1109647</ext-link></p><p>Scopus Author ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57222109527" ext-link-type="uri">57222109527</ext-link></p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> </p><p>Vladimir I. Shchekin – laboratory researcher at the Department of Digital Oncomorphology, P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute – Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3763-7454" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3763-7454</ext-link></p><p>SPIN: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=1109647" ext-link-type="uri">3664-8044</ext-link>, AuthorID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=1109647" ext-link-type="uri">1109647</ext-link></p><p>Scopus Author ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57222109527" ext-link-type="uri">57222109527</ext-link></p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.shchekin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7899-8229</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> </p><p>Попов Александр Вадимович – студент Института клинической медицины им. Н. В. Склифосовского ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И. М. Сеченова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет), г. Москва, Российская Федерация</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7899-8229" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7899-8229</ext-link></p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> </p><p>Alexander V. Popov – student, Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7899-8229" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7899-8229</ext-link></p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexander2005pv@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9755-1164</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шегай</surname><given-names>П. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shegai</surname><given-names>P. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> </p><p>Шегай Пётр Викторович – к.м.н., онколог, заместитель генерального директора по науке ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Москва, Российская Федерация</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9755-1164" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9755-1164</ext-link></p><p>SPIN: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=708894" ext-link-type="uri">6849-3221</ext-link>, AuthorID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=708894" ext-link-type="uri">708894</ext-link></p><p>Scopus Author ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=16025544200" ext-link-type="uri">16025544200</ext-link></p><p>Web of Science ResearcherID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/254822" ext-link-type="uri">E-9611-2014</ext-link></p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> </p><p>Petr V. Shegai – Cand. Sci. (Medicine), MD, Oncologist, Deputy General Director for Science, National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9755-1164" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9755-1164</ext-link></p><p>SPIN: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=708894" ext-link-type="uri">6849-3221</ext-link>, AuthorID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=708894" ext-link-type="uri">70889</ext-link></p><p>Scopus Author ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=16025544200" ext-link-type="uri">16025544200</ext-link></p><p>Web of Science ResearcherID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/254822" ext-link-type="uri">E-9611-2014</ext-link></p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.shegai@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2971-5873</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самсонов</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samsonov</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> </p><p>Самсонов Юрий Владимирович – к.м.н., заведующий отделом координации медицинской помощи Центра координации деятельности учреждений регионов Российской Федерации в области радиологии и онкологии ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Москва, Российская ФедерацияORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2971-5873" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2971-5873</ext-link></p><p>SPIN: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=429105" ext-link-type="uri">3300-4703</ext-link>, AuthorID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=429105" ext-link-type="uri">429105</ext-link></p><p>Scopus Author ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57201684855" ext-link-type="uri">57201684855</ext-link></p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> </p><p>Yuriy V. Samsonov – Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Head of the Medical C are Coordination at the Coordination of activities of regional institutions Center of the R ussian Federation in field of radiology and oncology National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russian Federation</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2971-5873" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2971-5873</ext-link></p><p>SPIN: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=429105" ext-link-type="uri">3300-4703</ext-link>, AuthorID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=429105" ext-link-type="uri">429105</ext-link></p><p>Scopus Author ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57201684855" ext-link-type="uri">57201684855</ext-link></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Боровая</surname><given-names>Т. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borovaya</surname><given-names>T. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> </p><p>Боровая Татьяна Геннадьевна – д.м.н., чл.-корр. РАН, профессор Института трансляционной медицины и биотехнологии ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И. М. Сеченова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет), г. Москва, Российская ФедерацияORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8444-1801" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8444-1801</ext-link></p><p>SPIN: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?authorid=81509" ext-link-type="uri">1937-7741</ext-link>, AuthorID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?authorid=81509" ext-link-type="uri">81509</ext-link></p><p>Scopus Author ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=8896148400" ext-link-type="uri">8896148400</ext-link></p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> </p><p>Tatiana G. Borovaya – Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Corr. Member of RAS, Professor of Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8444-1801" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8444-1801</ext-link></p><p>SPIN: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?authorid=81509" ext-link-type="uri">1937-7741</ext-link>, AuthorID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?authorid=81509" ext-link-type="uri">81509</ext-link></p><p>Scopus Author ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=8896148400" ext-link-type="uri">8896148400</ext-link></p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский научно-исследовательский онкологический институт им. П. А. Герцена – филиал ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации &lt;p&gt;&#13;
г. Москва, Российская Федерация</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute – Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre &lt;p&gt;&#13;
Moscow, Russian Federation</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И. М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет) &lt;p&gt;&#13;
г. Москва, Российская Федерация</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University) &lt;p&gt;&#13;
Moscow, Russian Federation</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации &lt;p&gt;&#13;
г. Москва, Российская Федерация</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Radiological Centre &lt;p&gt;&#13;
Moscow, Russian Federation</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>99</fpage><lpage>114</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Демяшкин Г.А., Белокопытов Д.В., Гузик А.А., Мимуни Е.В., Щекин В.И., Попов А.В., Шегай П.В., Самсонов Ю.В., Боровая Т.Г., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Демяшкин Г.А., Белокопытов Д.В., Гузик А.А., Мимуни Е.В., Щекин В.И., Попов А.В., Шегай П.В., Самсонов Ю.В., Боровая Т.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Demyashkin G.A., Belokopytov D.V., Guzik A.A., Mimuni E.V., Shchekin V.I., Popov A.V., Shegai P.V., Samsonov Y.V., Borovaya T.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rpmj.ru/rpmj/article/view/1079">https://www.rpmj.ru/rpmj/article/view/1079</self-uri><abstract><p>При идентификации заболеваний молочной железы, дифференциальной диагностике неопухолевых и опухолевых состояний необходимо учитывать иммунофенотипический профиль эпителиоцитов – экспрессию рецепторов к эстрогену, прогестерону, HER2/neu, уровень пролиферативной активности, статус межклеточных контактов, а также состояние иммунокомпетентных клеток и других маркеров. Особенно это актуально для врача-патологоанатома при исследовании биопсийного и операционного материала, а также врача-онколога при разработке тактики лечения и профилактики.</p><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Обобщение данных специализированной научной литературы о гистологических, молекулярно-биологических, молекулярно-генетических особенностях строения и функционирования молочной железы, ее развитии и гормональной регуляции.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Поиск литературных источников проводили преимущественно в базах «PubMed», «Google Scholar», «Google Books», «Истина», ограничиваясь датой публикации с 2003 по 2024 гг. Ключевыми словами для поиска являлись: «молочная железа», «люминальный эпителий», «миоэпителиальные клетки», «ER», «PR», «HER2/neu», «двуядерные клетки», «иммуно  гистохимия», «короноподобные адипоциты», «mammary gland», «breast», «luminal cells», «myoepithelial cells», «ER», «PR», «HER2/ neu», «binucleated cells», «immunohistochemistry», «crown-like adipocytes».</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Для правильной дифференциальной диагностики патологических состояний требуется учитывать особенности строения дольковой единицы концевого протока, изменяющиеся в ходе менструального цикла, беременности и лактации. Также важное диагностическое и терапевтическое значение имеет иммунофенотипический профиль клеток, варьирующий в зависимости от гормонального фона – продукции рецепторов к эстрогену, прогестерону, пролиферативной активности, HER2/neu статуса, наличие межклеточных контактов и т. д. Кроме того, для адекватного функционирования молочной железы необходимы иммунные клетки – они обеспечивают локальный противоинфекционный и противоопухолевый иммунитет, правильное формирование и инволюцию дольковых единиц концевых протоков, элиминацию погибших клеток и апоптотических телец.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Изложенная информация способствует адекватной верификации прежде всего злокачественных новообразований и других заболеваний молочной железы, что необходимо при патологоанатомическом исследовании биопсийного и операци онного материала, а также для врача-онколога при назначении специализированной терапии.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>When identifying breast diseases, differential diagnosis of non–cancerous and tumor conditions, it is necessary to take into account  the immunophenotypic profile of epitheliocytes – the expression of receptors for estrogen, progesterone, HER2/neu, the level of  proliferative activity, the status of intercellular junctions, as well as the state of immunocompetent cells and other markers. This is especially important for a pathologist when examining biopsy and surgical material, as well as an oncologist when developing treatment and prevention tactics.</p><sec><title>Purpose of the study</title><p>Purpose of the study. Generalization of data from specialized scientific literature on histological, molecular biological, molecular genetic features of the structure and functioning of the mammary gland, its development and hormonal regulation.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The research for literary sources was carried out mainly by using the PubMed, Google Scholar, Google Books databases, and was limited to the publication date from 2003 to 2024. The following keywords were applied: «mammary gland», «breast», «luminal cells», «myoepithelial cells», «ER», «PR», «HER2/neu», «binucleated cells», «immunohistochemistry», «crown-like adipocytes».</p></sec><sec><title>esults</title><p>esults. For the correct differential diagnosis of pathological conditions, it is necessary to take into account the structural features of the lobular unit of the terminal duct, which change during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy and lactation. The immunophenotypic profile of cells is also of important diagnostic and therapeutic importance, varying depending on the hormonal background – the production of receptors for estrogen, progesterone, proliferative activity, HER2/neu status, the presence of intercellular contacts, etc. In addition, immune cells are necessary for the adequate functioning of the breast. They provide local anti–infective and antitumor immunity, proper formation and involution of lobular units of terminal ducts, elimination of dead cells and apoptotic bodies. </p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The information provided contributes to the adequate verification of malignant neoplasms and other breast diseases in the first place, which is necessary for the pathological examination of biopsy and surgical material, as well as for an oncologist when prescribing specialized therapy.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>молочная железа</kwd><kwd>люминальный эпителий</kwd><kwd>миоэпителиальные клетки</kwd><kwd>ER</kwd><kwd>PR</kwd><kwd>HER2/neu</kwd><kwd>двуядерные клетки</kwd><kwd>иммуногистохимия</kwd><kwd>короноподобные адипоциты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mammary gland</kwd><kwd>breast</kwd><kwd>luminal cells</kwd><kwd>myoepithelial cells</kwd><kwd>ER</kwd><kwd>PR</kwd><kwd>HER2/neu</kwd><kwd>binucleated cells</kwd><kwd>immunohistochemistry</kwd><kwd>crown-like adipocytes</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lowrie DJ. 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