rpmjResearch'n Practical Medicine JournalResearch and Practical Medicine Journal2410-1893"QUASAR", LLC10.17709/2410-1893-2025-12-4-7VKFQQFrpmj-1165Research ArticleОбзорыReviewРоль биопсии сторожевых лимфатических узлов при злокачественных новообразованиях органов головы и шеиThe role of sentinel lymph node biopsy in head and neck cancerhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5750-8492МосквичеваЛ. И.MoskvichevаL. I.

 

Москвичева Людмила Ивановна – к.м.н., врач-онколог отделения опухолей головы и шеи №3 Онкологического центра №1 ГБУЗ «Городской клинической больницы им. С. С. Юдина» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы, г. Москва, Российская Федерация

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5750-8492

eLibrary SPIN: 8321-3464, AuthorID: 861695

Scopus Author ID: 57194061497

 

 

Liudmila I. Moskvichevа – MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), oncologist, Department of Head and Neck Tumors No. 3, Oncological Center No. 1 – Branch of the S.S. Yudin Moscow City Hospital, Moscow, Russian Federation

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5750-8492

eLibrary SPIN: 8321-3464, AuthorID: 861695

Scopus Author ID: 57194061497

ludamed16@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8838-5958БогатыреваМ. В.BogatyrevaM. V.

 

Богатырева Мадина Викторовна – врач-онколог отделения общей онкологии с химиотерапией и медицинской реабилитацией Московского научно-исследовательского онкологического института им. П. А. Герцена – филиал ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Москва, Российская Федерация

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8838-5958

eLibrary SPIN: 2709-7014, AuthorID: 936552

Scopus Author ID: 59981803300

 

 

Madina V. Bogatyreva – MD, oncologist, Department of General Oncology with Chemotherapy and Medical Rehabilitation, P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute – Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Moscow, Russian Federation

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8838-5958

eLibrary SPIN: 2709-7014, AuthorID: 936552

Scopus Author ID: 59981803300

madinok-06@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3305-4393ЩитиковаО. Б.ShchitikovaO. B.

 

Щитикова Ольга Борисовна – заведующая отделением общей онкологии с химиотерапией и медицинской реабилитацией Московского научно-исследовательского онкологического института им. П. А. Герцена – филиал ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Москва, Российская Федерация

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3305-4393

eLibrary SPIN: 9232-2262, AuthorID: 1234534

 

Olga B. Shchitikova – Head of the Department of General Oncology with Chemotherapy and Medical Rehabilitation, P. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute – Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Moscow, Russian Federation

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3305-4393

eLibrary SPIN: 9232-2262, AuthorID: 1234534

igor1182@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0681-8976КравцовС. А.KravtsovS. A.

 

Кравцов Сергей Анатольевич – д.м.н., заведующий отделением опухолей головы и шеи №3 Онкологического центра №1 Онкологического центра №1 ГБУЗ «Городской клинической больницы им. С. С. Юдина» Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы, г. Москва, Российская Федерация; профессор кафедры челюстно-лицевой хирургии и хирургической стоматологии ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов им. Патриса Лумумбы», г. Москва, Российская Федерация

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0681-8976

eLibrary SPIN: 3274-3985, AuthorID: 1211006

Scopus Author ID: 57213235357

 

Sergey A. Kravtsov – Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Head of the Department of Head and Neck Tumors No. 3, Oncological Center No. 1 – Branch of the S.S. Yudin Moscow City Hospital, Moscow, Russian Federation, Professor, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Surgical Dentistry, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russian Federation

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0681-8976

 eLibrary SPIN: 3274-3985, AuthorID: 1211006

Scopus Author ID: 57213235357

cruelty666@mail.ruОнкологический центр №1 Городской клинической больницы им. С.С. Юдина Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы <p> г. Москва, Российская ФедерацияOncological Center No. 1 – Branch of the S.S. Yudin Moscow City Hospital <p> Moscow, Russian FederationМосковский научно-исследовательский онкологический институт им. П. А. Герцена – филиал ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации <p> г. Москва, Российская ФедерацияP. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute – Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre <p> Moscow, Russian FederationОнкологический центр №1 Городской клинической больницы им. С.С. Юдина Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы; <p> Российский университет дружбы народов им. Патриса Лумумбы <p> г. Москва, Российская ФедерацияOncological Center No. 1 – Branch of the S.S. Yudin Moscow City Hospital; <p> Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University) <p> Moscow, Russian Federation;2025111220251247995Copyright &#x00A9; Москвичева Л.И., Богатырева М.В., Щитикова О.Б., Кравцов С.А., 20252025Москвичева Л.И., Богатырева М.В., Щитикова О.Б., Кравцов С.А.Moskvichevа L.I., Bogatyreva M.V., Shchitikova O.B., Kravtsov S.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rpmj.ru/rpmj/article/view/1165

Вторичное поражение лимфатических узлов шеи является значимым фактором прогноза и выбора хирургической тактики у пациентов со злокачественными новообразованиями органов головы и шеи. При ранних стадиях заболевания с целью выявления скрытых метастазов может быть выполнена биопсия сторожевого лимфатического узла (СЛУ), по результатам которой можно предположить вероятность поражения остальных групп шейных лимфатических узлов и сделать вывод о необходимости выполнения шейной лимфодиссекции.

Цель исследования

Цель исследования. Обсуждение достижений научного сообщества, посвященных роли биопсии СЛУ при злокачественных новообразованиях органов головы и шеи, и анализ современных методов их детекции.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Проведен анализ отечественных и зарубежных научных публикаций в базах данных «Научная электронная библиотека eLIBRARY.RU» и «National Center for Biotechnology Information», опубликованных в период с 2010 по 2025 г., демонстрирующих основные показатели клинической информативности (частота выявления, диагностическая точность, чувствительность, специфичность, предсказательная ценность отрицательного результата) различных способов детекции СЛУ у пациентов со злокачественными новообразованиями органов головы и шеи.

Результаты

Результаты. Для выявления СЛУ применяют ряд методов – инструментальный, контрастно-визуальный, радиоизотопный, флуоресцентный и сочетанный, каждый из которых имеет определенные преимущества и ограничения. Наиболее распространенным в клинической практике является радиоизотопный метод детекции, позволяющий выявлять накопление радиофармацевтического препарата как на предоперационном этапе, так и интраоперационно.

Заключение

Заключение. С целью устранения имеющихся недостатков отдельных методов лимфографии, активно разрабатываются новые индикаторы, в том числе гибридные, применение которых открывает значительные перспективы для практической медицины и дальнейших научных исследований.

Secondary lesion of the lymph nodes of the neck is a significant factor in the prognosis and choice of surgical tactics in patients with malignant neoplasms of the head and neck organs. In early cases of the disease, in order to identify latent metastases, a sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy can be performed, according to the results of which it is possible to assume the probability of damage to the remaining groups of cervical lymph nodes and conclude that cervical lymph dissection is necessary.

Purpose of the study

Purpose of the study. Discussion of the achievements of the scientific community regarding the role of sentinel lymph node biopsy in malignant tumors of the head and neck, and analysis of current detection methods.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. The analysis of scientific sources of the Scientific Electronic Library databases is carried out "eLIBRARY.RU" and "National Center for Biotechnology Information" published in the period from 2010 to 2025, demonstrating the main indicators of the clinical informativeness (frequency of detection, diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, predictive value of a negative result) of various methods of detecting sentinel lymph nodes in patients with malignant neoplasms of the head and neck.

Results

Results. Several methods are used to identify sentinel lymph nodes, including instrumental, contrast-visual, radioisotopic, fluorescent, and combined techniques, each having specific advantages and limitations. The most common in clinical practice is the radioisotope detection method, which makes it possible to detect the accumulation of a radiopharmaceutical drug both at the preoperative stage and intraoperatively.

Conclusion

Conclusion. To overcome the limitations of individual lymphography methods, new indicators, including hybrid agents, are being actively developed, offering significant prospects for practical medicine and further scientific research.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.