rpmjResearch'n Practical Medicine JournalResearch and Practical Medicine Journal2410-1893"QUASAR", LLC10.17709/2410-1893-2026-13-1-5FUKHLSrpmj-1190Research ArticleОбзорыReviewНейтрофилы при раке и сепсисе: перекрестные механизмы иммунной дисрегуляцииNeutrophils in cancer and sepsis: shared mechanisms of immune dysregulationhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3061-6108КитО. И.KitO. I.

 

Кит Олег Иванович – д.м.н., академик РАН, профессор, генеральный директор ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Ростов-на-Дону, Российская Федерация

ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3061-6108

eLibrary SPIN: 1728-0329, AuthorID: 343182

Scopus Author ID: 55994103100

WoS ResearcherID: U-2241-2017

 

 

Oleg I. Kit – Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor, Director General of the National Medical Research Centre for Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation

ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3061-6108

eLibrary SPIN: 1728-0329, AuthorID: 343182

Scopus Author ID: 55994103100

WoS ResearcherID: U-2241-2017

super.gormon@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3618-6890ФранциянцЕ. М.FrantsiyantsE. M.

 

Франциянц Елена Михайловна – д.б.н., профессор, заместитель генерального директора по науке ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Ростов-на-Дону, Российская Федерация

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3618-6890

eLibrary SPIN: 9427-9928, AuthorID: 462868

Scopus Author ID: 55890047700

WoS ResearcherID: Y-1491-2018

 

Elena M. Frantsiyants – Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor, Deputy General Director for Science, National Medical Research Centre for Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3618-6890

eLibrary SPIN: 9427-9928, Author ID: 462868

Scopus Author ID: 55890047700

WoS ResearcherID: Y-1491-2018

super.gormon@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0068-0881УшаковаН. Д.UshakovaN. D.

 

Ушакова Наталья Дмитриевна – д.м.н., профессор, врач анестезиолог-реаниматолог отделения анестезиологии и реанимации с палатами интенсивной терапии ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Ростов-на-Дону, Российская Федерация

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0068-0881

eLibrary SPIN: 9715-2250, AuthorID: 571594

Scopus Author ID: 8210961900

WoS ResearcherID: L-6049-2017

 

Nataliya D. Ushakova – Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Anesthesiologist-Resuscitator of the Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, National Medical Research Centre for Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0068-0881

eLibrary SPIN: 9715-2250, AuthorID: 571594

Scopus Author ID: 8210961900

WoS ResearcherID: L-6049-2017

ndu2000@rambler.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2302-8271БандовкинаВ. А.BandovkinaV. A.

 

Бандовкина Валерия Ахтямовна – д.б.н., доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории изучения патогенеза злокачественных опухолей ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Ростов-на-Дону, Российская Федерация

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2302-8271

eLibrary SPIN: 8806-2641, AuthorID: 696989

Scopus Author ID: 57194276288

 

Valerija A. Bandovkina – Dr. Sci. (Biology), Leading Researcher at Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Pathogenesis Study, National Medical Research Centre for Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2302-8271

eLibrary SPIN: 8806-2641, AuthorID: 696989

Scopus Author ID: 57194276288

valerryana@yandex.ruФоменкоЮ. А.FomenkoYu. A.

 

Фоменко Юрий Александрович – к.м.н., заместитель генерального директора по клинико-экспертной работе ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Ростов-на-Дону, Российская Федерация

eLibrary SPIN: 8204-5275, AuthorID: 462430

 

Yurij A. Fomenko – Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Deputy Director for Clinical Expertise Work, National Medical Research Centre for Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation

eLibrary SPIN: 8204-5275, AuthorID: 462430

super.gormon@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8834-4817СкопинцевА. М.SkopintsevA. M.

 

Скопинцев Александр Михайлович – врач отделения анестезиологии и реанимации с палатами интенсивной терапии ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Ростов-на-Дону, Российская Федерация

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8834-4817

eLibrary SPIN: 3635-3780, AuthorID: 1096021

Scopus Author ID: 57305148000

 

Aleksandr M. Skopintsev – Doctor at the Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, National Medical Research Centre for Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8834-4817

eLibrary SPIN: 3635-3780, AuthorID: 1096021

Scopus Author ID: 57305148000

super.gormon@yandex.ruНациональный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации <p> г. Ростов-на-Дону, Российская ФедерацияNational Medical Research Centre for Oncology <p> Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation2026200320261315573Copyright &#x00A9; Кит О.И., Франциянц Е.М., Ушакова Н.Д., Бандовкина В.А., Фоменко Ю.А., Скопинцев А.М., 20262026Кит О.И., Франциянц Е.М., Ушакова Н.Д., Бандовкина В.А., Фоменко Ю.А., Скопинцев А.М.Kit O.I., Frantsiyants E.M., Ushakova N.D., Bandovkina V.A., Fomenko Y.A., Skopintsev A.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rpmj.ru/rpmj/article/view/1190

Нейтрофилы, преобладающие лейкоциты врожденной иммунной системы, все чаще рассматриваются как потенциальные участники процессов, способствующих развитию опухоли или подавляющих его, в зависимости от биологических особенностей опухоли.Цель исследования. Анализ и обобщение современных данных о функциональной пластичности и гетерогенности нейтрофилов, их двойственной роли в патогенезе онкологических заболеваний и сепсиса. Особое внимание уделено перекрестным механизмам нейтрофильной дисрегуляции при этих патологиях и перспективам разработки таргетных терапевтических стратегий.Материалы и методы. При подготовке обзора проведен выборочный поиск публикаций в базах данных PubMed, Elibrary.ru и Scopus за последние 15 лет по ключевым словам: «нейтрофилы, «рак», «нейтрофилы при раке и сепсисе», «иммунная дисрегуляция при раке и сепсисе», «пластичность нейтрофилов при опухолях и инфекциях», «иммунотерапия и сепсис у онкологических больных», «окислительный стресс в нейтрофилах», «нейтрофильно-лимфоцитарное соотношение», «опухолевый рост индуцированный сепсисом». Критериями отбора публикаций были их научная значимость, релевантность тематике исследования и соответствие современным стандартам доказательной медицины.Результаты. Результаты анализа выявили двойственную роль нейтрофилов при раке, и их сложные взаимодействия, происходящие в микроокружении опухоли. Представлен анализ двух подтипов нейтрофилов N1 и N2, оказывающих противоположное влияние на биологию опухоли. Рассматривается участие нейтрофилов в формировании и функционировании внеклеточных ловушек нейтрофилов (NETs), играющих ключевую роль в прогрессировании рака через участие в процессах воспаления, ангиогенеза и метастазирования. В обзоре рассматриваются общие механизмы участия нейтрофилов в прогрессировании рака и сепсиса у онкологических больных, в частности, это касается активированных нейтрофилов и внеклеточных ловушек нейтрофилов.Заключение. Систематизация данных об участии нейтрофилов в прогрессировании рака и сепсиса у онкологических больных направит будущие исследования в этой области на разработку точных и эффективных терапевтических стратегий при раке, осложненном сепсисом, улучшая прогноз для пациента.

Neutrophils, the predominant leukocytes of the innate immune system, are increasingly recognized as potential participants in processes that either promote or suppress tumor development, depending on the tumor's biological characteristics.Purpose of the study. This narrative review aims to analyze and summarize current knowledge on the functional plasticity and heterogeneity of neutrophils, as well as their dual role in the pathogenesis of cancer and sepsis. Particular attention is given to shared mechanisms of neutrophil dysregulation in these conditions and to the prospects for developing targeted therapeutic strategies.Materials and methods. A selective literature search was conducted in the PubMed, eLibrary.ru, and Scopus databases covering the past 15 years using the following keywords: “neutrophils”, “cancer”, “sepsis”, “neutrophils in cancer and sepsis”, “immune dysregulation in cancer and sepsis”, “neutrophil plasticity in tumor and infection”, “immunotherapy and sepsis in cancer patients”, “oxidative stress in neutrophils”, “neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio”, and “sepsis-induced tumor growth”. Publications were selected based on their scientific significance, relevance to the topic, and compliance with contemporary evidence-based medicine standards.Results. The analysis revealed the dual role of neutrophils in cancer and their complex interactions within the tumor microenvironment. The review discusses two neutrophil subtypes, N1 and N2, which exert opposing effects on tumor biology. It also examines the role of neutrophils in the formation and function of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which contribute to cancer progression through their involvement in inflammation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. In addition, the review highlights shared mechanisms of neutrophil involvement in cancer progression and sepsis in oncology patients, with particular emphasis on activated neutrophils and NET formation.Conclusion. Integrating current knowledge on neutrophil involvement in cancer progression and sepsis in oncology patients may guide future research toward the development of more precise and effective therapeutic strategies for cancer complicated by sepsis, ultimately improving patient outcomes.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.