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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rpmj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Research'n Practical Medicine Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Research and Practical Medicine Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2410-1893</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"QUASAR", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17709/2410-1893-2026-13-2-1</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">WJMLXA</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rpmj-1273</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Риск продолженного роста лимфатических мальформаций у детей: клинико-анатомические предикторы и шкала прогноза</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Risk of disease progression in pediatric lymphatic malformations: predictors and a clinical risk score</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7175-6417</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полев</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polev</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> </p><p>Полев Георгий Александрович – к.м.н., старший научный сотрудник отдела хирургии головы и шеи и реконструктивно-пластической хирургии ФБГУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии имени Дмитрия Рогачева» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Москва, Российская Федерация; руководитель Центра хирургии головы и шеи АО «Ильинская больница», г. Красногорск, Московская область, Российская Федерация</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7175-6417" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7175-6417</ext-link>, eLibrary SPIN: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=755277" ext-link-type="uri">7778-3356</ext-link>, AuthorID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=755277" ext-link-type="uri">755277</ext-link>, Scopus Author ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57190161294" ext-link-type="uri">57190161294</ext-link>; WoS ResearcherID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/AAJ-3085-2020" ext-link-type="uri">AAJ-3085-2020</ext-link></p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> </p><p>Georgiy A. Polev – Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Senior Researcher of the Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russian Federation; Director of the Head and Neck Surgery Center, Ilyinskaya Hospital, Krasnogorsk, Moscow Region, Russian Federation</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7175-6417" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7175-6417</ext-link>, eLibrary SPIN: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=755277" ext-link-type="uri">7778-3356</ext-link>, AuthorID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=755277" ext-link-type="uri">755277</ext-link>, Scopus Author ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57190161294" ext-link-type="uri">57190161294</ext-link></p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.polev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4451-3233</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грачев</surname><given-names>Н. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grachev</surname><given-names>N. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> </p><p>Грачев Николай Сергеевич – д.м.н., профессор, генеральный директор ФБГУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии имени Дмитрия Рогачева» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Москва, Российская Федерация; заведующий кафедрой детской хирургии и урологии-андрологии им. профессора Л.П. Александрова ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И. М. Сеченова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет), г. Москва, Российская Федерация</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4451-3233" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4451-3233</ext-link>, eLibrary SPIN: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=774141" ext-link-type="uri">2836-2349</ext-link>, AuthorID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=774141" ext-link-type="uri">774141</ext-link>, Scopus Author ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=22940708600" ext-link-type="uri">22940708600</ext-link></p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> </p><p>Nikolai S. Grachev – Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, General Director, Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russian Federation, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation (Sechenovskiy University)</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4451-3233" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4451-3233</ext-link>, eLibrary SPIN: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=774141" ext-link-type="uri">2836-2349</ext-link>, AuthorID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=774141" ext-link-type="uri">774141</ext-link>, Scopus Author ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=22940708600" ext-link-type="uri">22940708600</ext-link></p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nick-grachev@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1643-5960</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Румянцев</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rumyantsev</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> </p><p>Румянцев Александр Григорьевич – д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН, Заслуженный врач Российской Федерации, президент ФБГУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии имени Дмитрия Рогачева» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Москва, Российская Федерация</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1643-5960" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1643-5960</ext-link>, eLibrary SPIN: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=494544" ext-link-type="uri">2227-6305</ext-link>, AuthorID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=494544" ext-link-type="uri">494544</ext-link>, Scopus Author ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=7004956629" ext-link-type="uri">7004956629</ext-link>, WoS ResearcherID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/V-3038-2017" ext-link-type="uri">V-3038-2017</ext-link></p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> </p><p>Alexander G. Rumyantsev – Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation, President of the Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russian Federation</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1643-5960" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1643-5960</ext-link>, eLibrary SPIN: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=494544" ext-link-type="uri">2227-6305</ext-link>, AuthorID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=494544" ext-link-type="uri">494544</ext-link>, Scopus Author ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=7004956629" ext-link-type="uri">7004956629</ext-link>, WoS ResearcherID: V-3038-2017</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1698-2956</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Оганесян</surname><given-names>Р. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Oganesyan</surname><given-names>R. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> </p><p>Оганесян Раиса Суреновна – врач-детский хирург отделения детской онкологии, хирургии головы и шеи и нейрохирургии ФБГУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии имени Дмитрия Рогачева» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Москва, Российская Федерация</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1698-2956" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1698-2956</ext-link>, eLibrary SPIN: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=697289" ext-link-type="uri">3617-0340</ext-link>, AuthorID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=697289" ext-link-type="uri">697289</ext-link>, Scopus Author ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57196464284" ext-link-type="uri">57196464284</ext-link>, WoS ResearcherID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/LKJ-6977-2024" ext-link-type="uri">LKJ-6977-202</ext-link></p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> </p><p>Raisa S. Oganesyan – Pediatric Surgeon of the Department of Oncology, Head and Neck Surgery and Neurosurgery, Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russian Federation</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1698-2956" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1698-2956</ext-link>, eLibrary SPIN: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=697289" ext-link-type="uri">3617-0340</ext-link>, AuthorID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=697289" ext-link-type="uri">697289</ext-link>, Scopus Author ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57196464284" ext-link-type="uri">57196464284</ext-link>, WoS ResearcherID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/LKJ-6977-2024" ext-link-type="uri">LKJ-6977-2024</ext-link></p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">raisaoganesyan@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1196-5070</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яременко</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Iaremenko</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> </p><p>Яременко Екатерина Юрьевна – лаборант группы хирургии головы и шеи с реконструктивно-пластической хирургией ФБГУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии имени Дмитрия Рогачева» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Москва, Российская Федерация</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1196-5070" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1196-5070</ext-link>, eLibrary SPIN: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=996245" ext-link-type="uri">3203-9151</ext-link>, AuthorID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=996245" ext-link-type="uri">996245</ext-link>, Scopus Author ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57202806377" ext-link-type="uri">57202806377</ext-link>, WoS ResearcherID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/QJV-7952-2026" ext-link-type="uri">QJV-7952-2026</ext-link></p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> </p><p>Ekaterina Yu. Iaremenko – Laboratory assistant of the Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russian Federation</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1196-5070" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1196-5070</ext-link>, eLibrary SPIN: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=996245" ext-link-type="uri">3203-9151</ext-link>, AuthorID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=996245" ext-link-type="uri">996245</ext-link>, Scopus Author ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57202806377" ext-link-type="uri">57202806377</ext-link>, WoS ResearcherID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/QJV-7952-2026" ext-link-type="uri">QJV-7952-2026</ext-link></p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">selvaggio@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Москва, Российская Федерация; &lt;p&gt;&#13;
Ильинская больница, г. Красногорск, Московская область, Российская Федерация</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology,  Moscow, Russian Federation &lt;p&gt;&#13;
Ilyinskaya Hospital, Krasnogorsk, Moscow Region, Russian Federation</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; &lt;p&gt;&#13;
Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации (Сеченовский Университет) &lt;p&gt;&#13;
г. Москва, Российская Федерация</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology; &lt;p&gt;&#13;
Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University) &lt;p&gt;&#13;
Moscow, Russian Federation</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Дмитрия Рогачева Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации&lt;p&gt;&#13;
г. Москва, Российская Федерация</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology &lt;p&gt;&#13;
Moscow, Russian Federation</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>8</fpage><lpage>23</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Полев Г.А., Грачев Н.С., Румянцев А.Г., Оганесян Р.С., Яременко Е.Ю., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Полев Г.А., Грачев Н.С., Румянцев А.Г., Оганесян Р.С., Яременко Е.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Polev G.A., Grachev N.S., Rumyantsev A.G., Oganesyan R.S., Iaremenko E.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rpmj.ru/rpmj/article/view/1273">https://www.rpmj.ru/rpmj/article/view/1273</self-uri><abstract><p>Лимфатические мальформации (ЛМ) у детей характеризуются длительным и волнообразным течением с риском продолженного роста после лечения. Выявление независимых предикторов и разработка клинически применимой шкалы риска способны улучшить выбор тактики лечения и планирование катамнестического наблюдения.</p><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Выявить независимые клинико-анатомические предикторы продолженного роста или повторного увеличения ЛМ у детей после хирургического лечения на основе многофакторного анализа.</p></sec><sec><title>Пациенты и методы</title><p>Пациенты и методы. Ретроспективное одноцентровое когортное исследование выполнено в 2012–2022 гг. Включено 115 пациентов в возрасте до 17 лет включительно, получивших хирургическое лечение (включая обширные резекционные вмешательства), склеротерапию или комбинированный подход. Первичной конечной точкой являлся первый эпизод продолженного роста или повторного увеличения ЛМ, преимущественно по данным МРТ с контрастным усилением. Проведены ROC-анализ для выбора порога объема, многофакторная логистическая регрессия c бутстрэп-валидацией и анализ времени до события методами Каплана – Мейера и Кокса.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Медиана наблюдения составила 11,0 (3,2; 27,0) мес. от индексного вмешательства. Событие зарегистрировано у 22/115 (19,1 %) пациентов. На последнем визите уменьшение объема ≥ 50 % или полный ответ отмечены у 95/115 (82,6 %) пациентов, уменьшение &lt; 50 % – у 15/115 (13,0 %), продолжающийся рост – у 5/115 (4,3 %). Независимыми факторами риска являлись пре- или неонатальный дебют (OR 4,08; 95 % ДИ 1,10–15,05; p = 0,035), предоперационный объем ≥ 90 см³ (OR 4,06; 95 % ДИ 1,09–15,15; p = 0,037) и первичная операция вне референс-центра (OR 5,93; 95 % ДИ 1,73–20,36; p = 0,005); агрессивное анатомическое распространение демонстрировало тенденцию к увеличению риска (OR 2,82; p = 0,092). Дискриминация модели была высокой (AUC 0,812; 95 % ДИ 0,708–0,916) и сохранялась после внутренней валидации (AUC_0,632+ = 0,812). Аддитивная шкала стратифицировала риск события: 6,0 % (95 % ДИ 1,9–17,4) при ≤ 1 балла, 10,3 % (95 % ДИ 3,2–28,7) при 2 баллах и 44,4 % (95 % ДИ 28,8–61,2) при ≥ 3 баллах. Медиана бессобытийной выживаемости составила 65,2 мес.; различий по типу лечения не выявлено (log-rank p = 0,699).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Риск прогрессирования ЛМ определяется преимущественно ранней манифестацией заболевания, исходным объемом поражения и предшествующей операцией вне референс-центра; агрессивное анатомическое распространение демонстрировало тенденцию к увеличению. Разработанная шкала риска может использоваться для персонализации наблюдения и планирования лечения; необходима ее внешняя валидация.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Lymphatic malformations (LMs) in children are characterized by a prolonged and fluctuating clinical course with a risk of continued growth or recurrent enlargement after treatment. Identification of independent predictors and development of a clinically applicable risk score may improve treatment planning and long-term follow-up strategies.</p><sec><title>Purpose of the study</title><p>Purpose of the study. To identify independent clinical and anatomical predictors of continued growth or recurrent enlargement of lymphatic malformations in children after initiation of surgical treatment using multivariable analysis.</p></sec><sec><title>Patients and methods</title><p>Patients and methods. A retrospective single-center cohort study was conducted between 2012 and 2022. A total of 115 patients aged 17 years or younger were included who underwent surgical treatment (including extensive resection procedures), sclerotherapy, or combined treatment. The primary endpoint was the first episode of continued growth or recurrent enlargement of LM, defined predominantly by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging findings. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to determine the optimal lesion volume threshold. Multivariable logistic regression with bootstrap validation and time-to-event analysis using Kaplan–Meier and Cox methods were performed.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The median follow-up after the index intervention was 11.0 (3.2–27.0) months. The event occurred in 22 of 115 patients (19.1 %). At the last follow-up visit, a ≥50 % reduction in lesion volume or complete response was observed in 95 of 115 patients (82.6 %), a &lt;50 % reduction in 15 of 115 patients (13.0 %), and ongoing growth in 5 of 115 patients (4.3 %). Independent risk factors included prenatal or neonatal onset (OR 4.08; 95 % CI 1.10–15.05; p = 0.035), preoperative lesion volume ≥ 90 cm³ (OR 4.06; 95 % CI 1.09–15.15; p = 0.037), and previous surgery outside a referral center (OR 5.93; 95 % CI 1.73–20.36; p = 0.005). Aggressive anatomical spread demonstrated a trend toward increased risk (OR 2.82; p = 0.092). Model discrimination was high (AUC 0.812; 95 % CI 0.708–0.916) and remained stable after internal validation (AUC_0.632+ = 0.812). The additive score stratified the risk of the event as 6.0 % (95 % CI 1.9–17.4) for patients with ≤1 point, 10.3 % (95 % CI 3.2–28.7) for those with 2 points, and 44.4 % (95 % CI 28.8–61.2) for those with ≥ 3 points. Median event-free survival was 65.2 months. No significant differences were observed between treatment approaches (log-rank p = 0.699).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. In this cohort, the risk of continued growth in pediatric lymphatic malformations was primarily associated with early disease onset, baseline lesion volume, and previous surgery outside a referral center, whereas extensive anatomical involvement demonstrated a trend toward increased risk. The proposed risk stratification score may support individualized follow-up and treatment planning; however, external validation is required.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>лимфатические мальформации</kwd><kwd>сосудистые мальформации</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>область шеи</kwd><kwd>продолженный рост</kwd><kwd>прогрессирование</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd><kwd>прогноз</kwd><kwd>бессобытийная выживаемость</kwd><kwd>прогностическая модель</kwd><kwd>стратификация риска</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>lymphatic malformation</kwd><kwd>vascular malformations</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>neck</kwd><kwd>continued growth</kwd><kwd>progression</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd><kwd>prognosis</kwd><kwd>event-free survival</kwd><kwd>prognostic model</kwd><kwd>risk stratification</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fransén J, Frisk S, Ghaffarpour N. 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