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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rpmj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Research'n Practical Medicine Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Research and Practical Medicine Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2410-1893</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"QUASAR", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17709/2410-1893-2026-13-3-7</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rpmj-1288</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Review</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Динамика популяционных характеристик ключевых факторов онкологического риска в России в XXI веке</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Dynamics of population-level characteristics of major cancer risk factors in Russia during the 21st century</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4443-8376</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соленова</surname><given-names>Л. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Solenova</surname><given-names>L. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Соленова Лия Геннадьевна – д. б. н., научный консультант,</p><p>115478, г. Москва, Каширское шоссе, д. 24</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Liya G. Solenova – Dr. Sci. (Biology), Scientific Consultant,</p><p>24 Kashirskoe shosse, Moscow, 115478</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lsolenova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4224-6303</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыжова</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryzhova</surname><given-names>N. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рыжова Наталья Ильинична – к.б.н., консультант отдела химического канцерогенеза,</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia I. Ryzhova – Cand. Sci. (Biology), Consultant of the Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis, </p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3167-7204</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белицкий</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belitsky</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Белицкий Геннадий Альтерович – д.м.н., профессор, главный консультант отдела химического канцерогенеза,</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gennady A. Belitsky – Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Major Consultant of the Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis,</p><p> Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3482-8954</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антонова</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Antonova</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Антонова Ирина Алексеевна – младший научный сотрудник отдела химического канцерогенеза,</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina A. Antonova – research assistant at the Laboratory for Chemical Carcinogenesis Pathway Studies,</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8599-6833</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кирсанов</surname><given-names>К. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirsanov</surname><given-names>K. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кирсанов Кирилл Игоревич – д.б.н., руководитель лаборатории канцерогенных веществ отдела химического канцерогенеза;</p><p>профессор кафедры врачебной практики,</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kirill I. Kirsanov – Dr. Sci. (Biology), Head of Laboratory of Carcinogenic Substances of the Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis,</p><p>Professor, Department of General Medical Practice, </p><p>Moscow</p><p> </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9710-8178</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Якубовская</surname><given-names>М. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakubovskaya</surname><given-names>M. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Якубовская Марианна Геннадиевна – д.м.н., руководитель отдела химического канцерогенеза;</p><p>главный научный сотрудник НИИ молекулярной и клеточной медицины,</p><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marianna G. Yakubovskaya – Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Head of the Department of Chemical Carcinogenesis,</p><p>Chief Researcher, Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine,</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н. Н. Блохина» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н. Н. Блохина» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации;&#13;
ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology;&#13;
Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н. Н. Блохина» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации;&#13;
ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology;&#13;
Peoples Friendship&#13;
University of Russia (RUDN University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>103</fpage><lpage>130</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Соленова Л.Г., Рыжова Н.И., Белицкий Г.А., Антонова И.А., Кирсанов К.И., Якубовская М.Г., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Соленова Л.Г., Рыжова Н.И., Белицкий Г.А., Антонова И.А., Кирсанов К.И., Якубовская М.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Solenova L.G., Ryzhova N.I., Belitsky G.A., Antonova I.A., Kirsanov K.I., Yakubovskaya M.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rpmj.ru/rpmj/article/view/1288">https://www.rpmj.ru/rpmj/article/view/1288</self-uri><abstract><p>Рост глобального бремени рака является следствием как старения населения и демографического роста, так и изменений воздействия факторов риска. Знание текущих популяционных характеристик предотвратимых факторов онкологического риска и их динамики необходимо для прогноза онкологической заболеваемости и разработки эффективных мер профилактики и здравоохранительной политики.</p><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Анализ изменений популяционных характеристик ключевых факторов онкологического риска в XXI веке в России и перспективы их возможного влияния на онкологическую заболеваемость в будущем.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Поиск литературы проводился по базам данных NCBI MedLine (PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science в соответствии с целью исследования. Временные изменения экспозиции населения к ключевым факторам риска анализировались по данным официальных документов, докладов, оригинальных исследований, метаанализов, традиционных и систематических обзоров.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Анализ текущего состояния и динамики ключевых факторов онкологического риска (старение населения, загрязнения атмосферного воздуха и воды, подверженности ультрафиолетовому и радиологическому излучению, образа жизни и профессиональных канцерогенных воздействий) и их последующего влияния на онкологическую заболеваемость показал, что в XXI веке в России они характеризуются выраженной и разнонаправленной динамикой, исходя из которой можно предположить перспективу их влияния на здоровье населения. Наметились тенденции снижения потребления алкоголя и курения, в то же время существенно возросла численность лиц с избыточной массой тела и ожирением. В обзоре приведены государственные меры, направленные на снижение негативного влияния управляемых факторов риска на здоровье населения.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Выявлена изменчивость популяционных характеристик ключевых факторов онкологического риска в России в XXI веке. Целенаправленное влияние на управляемые факторы с помощью комплекса мер дает возможность снизить канцерогенные риски для населения в будущем.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The increasing global cancer burden is driven by population aging and growth, as well as by changes in exposure to cancer risk factors. Knowledge of the current population-level characteristics of preventable cancer risk factors and their temporal trends is essential for predicting future cancer incidence and developing effective prevention strategies and public health policies.</p><sec><title>Purpose of the study</title><p>Purpose of the study. To analyze changes in the population-level characteristics of major cancer risk factors in Russia during the 21st century and assess their potential impact on future cancer incidence.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A literature search was conducted in NCBI Medline (PubMed), Scopus, and Web of Science databases, in accordance with the study objective. Time-based changes in population exposure to major cancer risk factors were analyzed using data from official documents, reports, original studies, meta-analyses, narrative reviews, and systematic reviews.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. An analysis of the current status and dynamics of key cancer risk factors and their subsequent impact on cancer incidence is conducted. These factors included population aging, air and water pollution, exposure to ultraviolet and ionizing radiation, lifestyle-related factors, and occupational exposure to carcinogens. In Russia, these factors demonstrated pronounced and multidirectional trends during the 21st century, suggesting a potentially substantial impact on population health. Declines in alcohol consumption and smoking prevalence were observed, whereas the prevalence of overweight and obesity increased markedly. Government measures aimed at reducing the adverse effects of modifiable risk factors on population health are also discussed.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The findings demonstrate considerable variability in the population-level characteristics of major cancer risk factors in Russia during the 21st century. Modifiable risk factors can and should be addressed through a broad range of preventive and regulatory measures, thereby reducing future cancer risk at the population level.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>онкологическая заболеваемость</kwd><kwd>канцерогенные факторы</kwd><kwd>популяционные характеристики</kwd><kwd>динамика онкологического риска</kwd><kwd>профилактика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cancer incidence</kwd><kwd>carcinogenic factors</kwd><kwd>population characteristics</kwd><kwd>cancer risk dynamics</kwd><kwd>prevention</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Глобальное бремя онкологических заболеваний растет параллельно с ростом потребности в услугах. ВОЗ, 2024. Доступно по: https://www.who.int/ru/news/item/01-02-2024-global-cancer-burden-growing--amidst-mounting-needfor-services. 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