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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rpmj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Research'n Practical Medicine Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Research and Practical Medicine Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2410-1893</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"QUASAR", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17709/2409-2231-2018-5-1-9</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rpmj-246</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Review</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ТЕРАПИИ ИНГИБИТОРАМИ КОНТРОЛЬНЫХ ТОЧЕК ПРИ МЕТАСТАТИЧЕСКОМ УРОТЕЛИАЛЬНОМ РАКЕ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MODERN POSSIBILITIES OF THERAPY WITH INHIBITORS OF CONTROL POINTS IN METASTATIC UROTHELIAL CANCER</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7592-0392</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гафанов</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gafanov</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гафанов Рустем Айратович - кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник отделения онкоурологии.</p><p>117485, Москва, ул. Профсоюзная, д. 86</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rustem A. Gafanov - MD, PhD, senior researcher at the department of oncourology.</p><p>86 Profsoyuznaya str., Moscow, 117485</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">docgra@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гармаш</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Garmash</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гармаш Сергей Владимирович - кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий урологическим отделением.</p><p>117485, Москва, ул. Профсоюзная, д. 86</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. Garmash - MD, PhD, head of the urology department.</p><p>86 Profsoyuznaya str., Moscow, 117485</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кравцов</surname><given-names>И. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kravtsov</surname><given-names>I. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кравцов Игорь Борисович - кандидат медицинских наук, младший научный сотрудник отделения онкоурологии.</p><p>117485, Москва, ул. Профсоюзная, д. 86</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor B. Kravtsov - MD, PhD, junior researcher at the department of oncourology.</p><p>86 Profsoyuznaya str., Moscow, 117485</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фастовец</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fastovets</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фастовец Сергей Владимирович - кандидат медицинских наук, младший научный сотрудник отделения онкоурологии.</p><p>117485, Москва, ул. Профсоюзная, д. 86</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. Fastovets - MD, PhD, junior researcher at the department of oncourology.</p><p>86 Profsoyuznaya str., Moscow, 117485</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Российский научный центр рентгенорадиологии» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Scientific Center of Roentgeno-Radiology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>03</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>74</fpage><lpage>81</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гафанов Р.А., Гармаш С.В., Кравцов И.Б., Фастовец С.В., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гафанов Р.А., Гармаш С.В., Кравцов И.Б., Фастовец С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gafanov R.A., Garmash S.V., Kravtsov I.B., Fastovets S.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rpmj.ru/rpmj/article/view/246">https://www.rpmj.ru/rpmj/article/view/246</self-uri><abstract><p>В течение длительного времени химиотерапия являлась основным вариантом лечения метастатической уротелиальной карциномы (mUC). За последний год произошли революционные изменения, связанные с одобрением пяти новых препаратов, нацеленных на блокирование взаимодействия между поверхностным белком Т-лимфоцитов PD-1 и его лигандами PD-L1 и PD-L2, в результате чего происходит активация иммунного ответа организма. Примечательно, что антитело против PD-1 пембролизумаб продемонстрировало увеличение общей выживаемости относительно химиотерапии в рандомизированном исследовании III фазы во второй линии метастатического уротелиального рака. На основании этого исследования пембролизумаб был одобрен к использованию Управлением по контролю за продуктами и лекарствами США (FDA). Ниволумаб (анти-PD-1) также продемонстрировал увеличение общей выживаемости по сравнению с историческим контролем и был одобрен FDA для лечения пациентов с метастатическим уротелиальным раком во второй линии терапии. Аналогично антитела, нацеленные на PD-L1, включая атезолизумаб, дурвалумаб и авелумаб, получили ускоренное одобрение FDA в качестве второй линии лечения метастатического уротелиального рака. Некоторые из этих агентов одобрены в первой линии по результатам II фазы исследования (атезолизумаб и пембролизумаб получили ускоренное одобрение для лечения в первой линии у пациентов, не получавших цисплатин). Несмотря на это, клиническое внедрение биомаркеров с целью селекции пациентов, которые могут иметь максимум преимуществ от назначения препаратов данной группы, а также определения оптимальной последовательности терапии остается крайне важным и требующим дальнейшего изучения вопросом.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>For a long time, chemotherapy remained the main treatment option for metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC). Over the past year, there have been revolutionary changes associated with the approval of five new drugs aimed at blocking the interaction between the surface protein of T-lymphocytes PD-1 and its ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2, resulting in the activation of the immune response. It is noteworthy that the anti-PD-1 antibody pembrolizumab demonstrated an increase in overall survival relative to chemotherapy in a randomized phase III trial in the second line with mUC. Based on this level 1 evidence pembrolizumab was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Nivolumab (antibody PD-1) also demonstrated an increase in overall survival compared to historical control and was approved by FDA. Likewise, antibodies targeting PD-L1, including atezolizumab, durvalumab and avelumab, received accelerated approval from the FDA as the second line of treatment for mUC. Some of these agents are approved in the first line by the results of phase II study (atezolizumab and pembolizumab received accelerated approval for first-line treatment in patients not receiving cisplatin). Despite these many endorsements, clinical development of new biomarkers for selection of patients, who can get maximum advantages of immunotherapy and also for development the optimal therapy sequencing still are biggest and critical question for future investigation. The clinical introduction of biomarkers to determine optimal treatment of patients remains extremely important.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак мочевого пузыря</kwd><kwd>PD-1</kwd><kwd>PD-L1</kwd><kwd>иммунотерапия</kwd><kwd>атезолизумаб</kwd><kwd>ниволумаб</kwd><kwd>пембролизумаб</kwd><kwd>авелумаб</kwd><kwd>дурвалумаб</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bladder cancer</kwd><kwd>PD-1</kwd><kwd>PD-L1</kwd><kwd>immunotherapy</kwd><kwd>atezolizumab</kwd><kwd>nivolumab</kwd><kwd>pembrolizumab</kwd><kwd>avelumab</kwd><kwd>durvalumab</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. SEER stat fact sheets: kidney and renal pelvis cancer. Bethesda: National Cancer Institute; 2017. 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