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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rpmj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Research'n Practical Medicine Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Research and Practical Medicine Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2410-1893</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"QUASAR", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17709/2409-2231-2020-7-2-8</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rpmj-542</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Review</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Идеи синергизма в онкологии: перспективы практической реализации</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Synergistic ideas in oncology: prospects for practical implementation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3821-611X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Евстратова</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Evstratova</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евстратова Екатерина Сергеевна – кандидат биологических наук, заведующая отделением, заведующая отделением регенеративных технологий и биофабрикации</p><p>249036, г. Обнинск, ул. Королева, д. 4  </p><p>SPIN: 1922-6348</p><p>AuthorID: 736646</p><p>ResearcherID: O-4987-2014</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 55370750400</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina S. Evstratova – Cand. Sci. (Biol.), head of the Department, head of the Department of regenerative technologies and biofabrication</p><p>4 Korolev str., Obninsk 249036</p><p>SPIN: 1922-6348</p><p>AuthorID: 736646</p><p>ResearcherID: O-4987-2014</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 55370750400</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ekevs7240@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6435-6917</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петин</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petin</surname><given-names>V. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Петин Владислав Георгиевич – доктор биологических наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник</p><p>249035, г. Обнинск, ул. Королева, д. 4 </p><p>SPIN: 9731-4751</p><p>AuthorID: 80686</p><p>ResearcherID: O-4609-2014</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 7005955046</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladislav G. Petin – Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Professor, chief research worker</p><p>4 Korolev str., Obninsk 249036</p><p>SPIN: 9731-4751</p><p>AuthorID: 80686</p><p>ResearcherID: O-46092014</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 7005955046</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Radiological Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МРНЦ им. А.Ф.Цыба – филиал ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр радиологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.F.Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center – Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center (A.F.Tsyb MRRC)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>06</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>82</fpage><lpage>91</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Евстратова Е.С., Петин В.Г., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Евстратова Е.С., Петин В.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Evstratova E.S., Petin V.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rpmj.ru/rpmj/article/view/542">https://www.rpmj.ru/rpmj/article/view/542</self-uri><abstract><p>Обзор посвящен анализу малоисследованной проблемы применения идей синергизма в онкологии при использовании различных агентов в комбинированных воздействиях. Приводится пример определения и количественной оценки коэффициента синергического усиления. Подчеркивается, что независимое сложение определяется произведением вероятностей эффектов, индуцированных каждым агентом в отдельности. Повышенные температуры синергически усиливают летальное действие ионизирующего излучения и химических соединений, применяемых в лечении онкологических заболеваний. Отмечены универсальные закономерности проявления синергизма, не зависящие от применяемых агентов, биологических объектов и тестов. Максимальный синергизм наблюдается при одновременном применении агентов. Синергизм, регистрируемый в результате комбинированных воздействий двух факторов, наблюдается лишь при определенном отношении эффектов, индуцированных каждым агентом. Синергизм зависит от интенсивности применяемых факторов — действующей температуры, мощности дозы ионизирующего излучения или концентрации химических агентов. Эти универсальные закономерности продемонстрированы для прои эукариотических клеток, в том числе онкологического происхождения. Существование универсальных закономерностей синергизма указывает на необходимость разработки новой парадигмы и теоретической модели синергизма, которая должна учитывать выявленные закономерности. Предложена оригинальная биофизическая концепция синергетического взаимодействия. Приводятся конкретные результаты, демонстрирующие возможные пути использования идей синергизма в онкологии за счет достижения максимального коэффициента синергического усиления. Делается вывод, что знание и учет описанных в данной работе идей и общих закономерностей синергизма могут быть полезными для специалистов, использующих одновременное действие различных агентов для оптимизации комбинированных методов лечения в современной онкологии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The review is devoted to the analysis of the problem of synergistic ideas application in oncology after simultaneous combined application of agents. An example of the determination and quantification of the synergistic enhancement ratio is presented. It is emphasized that independent addition is determined by product of probabilities of the effects induced by each agent applied separately. Elevated temperatures synergistically enhance the lethal effect of ionizing radiation and chemical compounds used in the treatment of cancer. Analyzing the dependence of the synergistic effect on the acting temperature after its simultaneous application with ionizing radiation or cisplatin, the existence of an optimal temperature ensuring the greatest synergistic interaction was shown for cultured mammalian and yeast cells. The universal regularities of the manifestation of synergism, independent on the agents, biological objects and tests used, are noted. The greatest synergy is observed with the simultaneous application of agents. The synergism recorded as a result of the combined effects of two factors is observed only with a certain ratio of the effects induced by each agent. Synergism depends on the intensity of the factors used — the current temperature, the dose rate of ionizing radiation or the concentration of chemical agents. These universal patterns have been demonstrated for proand eukaryotic cells, including oncological origin. The existence of universal patterns of synergism indicates the need to develop a new paradigm and theoretical model of synergism, which should take into account the identified patterns. An original biophysical concept of synergistic interaction is proposed. Concrete results are presented that demonstrate the possible ways of using the ideas of synergism in oncology by achieving the greatest synergistic enhancement ratio for the combined effects of various physical and chemical agents. It is concluded that the knowledge and the application of the ideas and general patterns of synergy described in this paper can be useful for specialists using the simultaneous action of various agents to optimize combined treatment methods in modern oncology.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>синергизм</kwd><kwd>онкология</kwd><kwd>гипертермия</kwd><kwd>цисплатин</kwd><kwd>ионизирующие излучения</kwd><kwd>математическая модель</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>synergism</kwd><kwd>oncology</kwd><kwd>hyperthermia</kwd><kwd>cisplatin</kwd><kwd>ionizing radiations</kwd><kwd>mathematical model</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Синергетика. Антология. Под ред. Князевой E.H.М.; СПб.: Центр гуманитарных инициатив, 2013, 408 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Synergetic. Anthology. 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