rpmjResearch'n Practical Medicine JournalResearch and Practical Medicine Journal2410-1893"QUASAR", LLC10.17709/2409-2231-2020-7-3-7rpmj-590Research ArticleОбзорыReviewЭпидемиология болезней почек у пациентов с COVID-19Epidemiology of kidney disease in patients with COVID-19https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4468-3670КульченкоН. Г.KulchenkoN. G.

Кульченко Нина Геннадьевна – к.м.н., врач-уролог, врач ультразвуковой диагностики, старший преподаватель кафедры гистологии, цитологии и эмбриологии Медицинского института

117198, г. Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 6

SPIN: 1899-7871

AuthorID: 543055

Nina G. Kulchenko – Cand. Sci. (Med.), urologist, senior lectures of the Departments of histology, cytology and embryology of the Medical Institute

6 Miklukho-Maklaya str., Moscow 117198

SPIN: 1899-7871, AuthorID: 543055

kle-kni@mail.ruФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов»РоссияPeoples Friendship University of RussiaRussian Federation202011092020737482Copyright © Кульченко Н.Г., 20202020Кульченко Н.Г.Kulchenko N.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rpmj.ru/rpmj/article/view/590

На рубеже 2019–2020 гг. человечество было поражено новой вирусной инфекцией SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), которая быстро распространилась во многих странах и достигла масштабов пандемии. Особенностью вируса SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) является его высокая контагеозность, вирулентность и тропизм к многим клеткам органов человека. Инфицирование человека в первую очередь происходит через дыхательные пути. Далее, попадая в респираторные отделы, SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) может проникнуть в кровь и взаимодействовать с клетками других органов. Уже известно, что COVID-19 использует рецептор ангиотензинпревращающего фермента типа 2 (ACE2) для проникновения в клетку. А ACE2 высоко экспрессируется в почках. Поэтому заболевания почек являются фактором риска инфицирования COVID-19, усугубляя клиническое течение заболевания. В этой статье рассматриваются основные аспекты этиологии и патогенеза заболеваний почек в условиях пандемии COVID-19. Так как на сегодняшний день не существует специфической вакцины против вируса-возбудителя SARS-CoV-2, а также нет эффективного лекарственного средства для лечения COVID-19, то выявление факторов риска и ранняя медикаментозная коррекция заболеваний почек могут способствовать снижению общего уровня заболеваемости и смертности. Заключение. Своевременное выявление, коррекция нарушений фильтрационной и выделительной функции почек, включая адекватную гемодинамическую поддержку и ограничение нефротоксических лекарств, может улучшить прогноз выздоровления пациента с COVID-19.

At the turn of 2019–2020, humanity was struck by a new viral infection SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), which quickly spread in many countries and reached the scale of a pandemic. A feature of the SARS-CoV-2 virus (COVID-19) is it’s high contagiousness, virulence and tropism to many cells of human organs. Human infection primarily occurs through the respiratory tract. Then, getting into the respiratory divisions, SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) can enter the blood and interact with cells of other organs. It is already known that COVID-19 uses the angiotensin converting enzyme type 2 (ACE2) receptor to enter the cell, and ACE2 is highly expressed in the kidneys. Therefore, kidney disease is a risk factor for COVID-19 infection, exacerbating the clinical course of the disease. This article discusses the main aspects of the etiology and pathogenesis of kidney diseases in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Since there is currently no specific vaccine against the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and there is no effective drug for the treatment of COVID-19, the identification of risk factors and early medical correction of kidney diseases can help reduce the overall incidence and mortality. Conclusion. Early detection and correction of violations of filtration and excretory function of the kidneys, including adequate hemodynamic support and restriction of nephrotoxic drugs, can improve the prognosis of recovery of a patient with COVID-19.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.