rpmjResearch'n Practical Medicine JournalResearch and Practical Medicine Journal2410-1893"QUASAR", LLC10.17709/2410-1893-2022-9-1-9rpmj-736Research ArticleОбзорReviewБиомаркеры рака легкогоLung cancers biomarkershttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0640-2994ХарагезовД. А.KharagezovD. A.

Харагезов Дмитрий Акимович – к.м.н., хирург, заведующий отделением торакальной хирургии, SPIN: 5120-0561, AuthorID: 733789, ResearcherID: AAZ-3638-2021, Scopus Author ID: 56626499300

г. Ростов-на-Дону

Dmitriy A. Kharagezov – Cand. Sci. (Med.), surgeon, head of department of thoracic surgery, SPIN: 5120-0561, AuthorID: 733789, ResearcherID: AAZ-3638-2021, Scopus Author ID: 56626499300

Rostov-on-Don

dmitr8@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6655-7632ЛазутинЮ. Н.LazutinYu. N.

Лазутин Юрий Николаевич – к.м.н., доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела торакальной хирургии, SPIN: 5098-7887, AuthorID: 364457

г. Ростов-на-Дону

Yuriy N. Lazutin – Cand. Sci. (Med.), associate professor, leading Researcher of the Department of Thoracic Surgery, SPIN: 5098-7887, AuthorID: 364457

Rostov-on-Don

lazutin.jurij@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0328-9714МирзоянЭ. А.MirzoyanE. A.

Мирзоян Эллада Арменовна – аспирант, SPIN: 2506-8605, AuthorID: 1002948, ResearcherID: AAZ-2780-2021, Scopus Author ID: 57221118516

344037, Российская Федерация, г. Ростов-на-Дону, ул. 14-я линия, д. 63

Ellada A. Mirzoyan – PhD student, SPIN: 2506-8605, AuthorID: 1002948, ResearcherID: AAZ-2780-2021, Scopus Author ID: 57221118516

63 14 line str., Rostov-on-Don 344037, Russian Federation

ellada.mirzoyan@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2589-7606МилакинА. Г.MilakinA. G.

Милакин Антон Григорьевич – онколог отделения торакальной хирургии, SPIN: 7737-4737, AuthorID: 794734

г. Ростов-на-Дону

Anton G. Milakin – oncologist at the Department of Thoracic Surgery, SPIN: 7737-4737, AuthorID: 794734

Rostov-on-Don

ellada.mirzoyan@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4513-7548СтатешныйО. Н.StateshnyO. N.

Статешный Олег Николаевич – онколог отделения торакальной хирургии, SPIN: 9917-1975, AuthorID: 1067071

г. Ростов-на-Дону

Oleg N. Stateshny – oncologist at the Department of Thoracic Surgery, SPIN: 9917-1975, AuthorID: 1067071

Rostov-on-Don

toraxrnioi@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2572-1624ЛейманИ. А.LeimanI. A.

Лейман Игорь Александрович – к.м.н., врач-онколог отделения торакальной хирургии, SPIN: 2551-0999, AuthorID: 735699

г. Ростов-на-Дону

Igor A. Leiman – Cand. Sci. (Med.), oncologist at the Department of Thoracic Surgery, SPIN: 2551-0999, AuthorID: 735699

Rostov-on-Don

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5351-3251ИозефиК. Д.IozefiK. D.

Иозефи Кристиан Дмитриевич – ординатор 2 года по специальности торакальная хирургия, AuthorID: 1122592, ResearcherID: AAZ-3632-2021

г. Ростов-на-Дону

Kristian D. Iozefi – 2nd year thoracic surgery resident, SPIN: 1232-3097, AuthorID: 1122592, ResearcherID: AAZ-3632-2021

Rostov-on-Don

K.iozeffi@gmail.comНМИЦ онкологииРоссияNational Medical Research Centre for OncologyRussian FederationРостГМУРоссияRostov State Medical UniversityRussian Federation20221802202291103116Copyright © Харагезов Д.А., Лазутин Ю.Н., Мирзоян Э.А., Милакин А.Г., Статешный О.Н., Лейман И.А., Иозефи К.Д., 20222022Харагезов Д.А., Лазутин Ю.Н., Мирзоян Э.А., Милакин А.Г., Статешный О.Н., Лейман И.А., Иозефи К.Д.Kharagezov D.A., Lazutin Y.N., Mirzoyan E.A., Milakin A.G., Stateshny O.N., Leiman I.A., Iozefi K.D.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.rpmj.ru/rpmj/article/view/736

Ежегодно в мире рак легкого (РЛ) диагностируется более чем у 1,8 миллиона человек и остается ведущей причиной смертности от злокачественных новообразований как в развивающихся, так и в развитых странах, а 5 летняя выживаемость, достигающая 19 % вызывает разочарование. Подобные неудовлетворительные исходы объясняются многими факторами, включая диагностику РЛ на поздней стадии, когда излечение остается редким при доступных на сегодняшний день методах лечения. Биомаркеры используются для оценки риска развития, скрининга, диагностики, мониторинга, прогноза, а также для персонализации лечения рака легкого (РЛ). Клиническое использование биомаркеров крайне необходимо для формирования группы высокого риска для скрининга РЛ и дифференциации раннего РЛ от доброкачественных легочных очагов. Современные тенденции в разработке биомаркеров РЛ включают интеграцию молекулярных биомаркеров с клиническими и радиологическими характеристиками с применением искусственного интеллекта для разработки визуализирующих биомаркеров и использованием высокочувствительных технологий, таких как секвенирование следующего поколения для молекулярных исследований. Биомаркеры РЛ находятся на всех этапах разработки, от открытия до клинических исследований, требующих высококачественной клинической валидации. Особенно необходимы точные биомаркеры для дифференциации злокачественных и доброкачественных очагов в легочной ткани и выявления лиц, подверженных наибольшему риску развития РЛ. Научные достижения в понимании РЛ привели к разработке биомаркеров, которые демонстрируют достаточную точность в клинических валидационных исследованиях. Перспективные тенденции в разработке биомаркеров РЛ включают высокочувствительные и все более доступные технологии NGS (next generation sequencing) и радиомики, наряду с использованием легко собираемых биоматериалов, которые в сочетании с прочими характеристиками опухолевого процесса способствуют разработке биомаркеров для оценки риска развития и диагностики заболевания, мониторинга, прогнозирования и персонифицированной терапии РЛ. Данный обзор посвящен проблеме разработки, текущему применению и будущим тенденциям использования биомаркеров РЛ.

More than 1.8 million of new cases of lung cancer (LC) are registered each year worldwide. LC is the leading cause of cancer death in both developing and developed countries, and the 5 years survival rate is as low as 19 %. Many factors explain such unsatisfactory outcomes, including the LC diagnosis at an advanced stage, when the currently available treatments can rarely provide cure. Biomarkers are used to assess the development risks, screening, diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis, and to personalize the LC treatment. Clinical use of biomarkers is essential for the identification of a high-risk group for screening for LC and differentiating early LC from benign pulmonary lesions. Current trends in the development of LC biomarkers involve the integration of molecular biomarkers with clinical and radiological characteristics using artificial intelligence for the development of imaging biomarkers, and using highly sensitive technologies such as next-generation sequencing for molecular research. LC biomarkers are now at all stages of development, from discovery to clinical trials requiring high-quality clinical validation. Reliable biomarkers are especially needed to differentiate malignant and benign lesions in the lung tissue and to identify those at greatest risk of developing lung cancer. Scientific advances in understanding LC have led to the development of biomarkers that demonstrate sufficient accuracy in clinical validation studies. Promising trends in the development of LC biomarkers include highly sensitive and increasingly accessible NGS and radiomics technologies, along with the use of easily collected biomaterials, which in combination with other tumor characteristics contribute to the development of biomarkers for assessing the LC development risks, diagnosis, monitoring, prognosis and personalized therapy. This review focuses on the development, current application, and future trends in the use of LC biomarkers.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.