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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rpmj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Research'n Practical Medicine Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Research and Practical Medicine Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2410-1893</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"QUASAR", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17709/2410-1893-2022-9-3-11</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rpmj-831</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзор</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Review</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Исследование кала на скрытую кровь в программах скрининга колоректального рака</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Fecal occult blood testing in colorectal cancer screening programs</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9426-8459</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Северская</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Severskaya</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., заведующая отделением клинической лабораторной диагностики, </p><p> г. Обнинск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), head of the department of clinical laboratory diagnostics, </p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">severskn@mrrc.obninsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5961-2958</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Невольских</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nevolskikh</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., заместитель директора по лечебной работе, </p><p>профессор кафедры Хирургических болезней,</p><p>г. Обнинск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), deputy director for medical work, professor of the department of Surgical diseases</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nevol@mrrc.obninsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2678-016X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авдеенко</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avdeenko</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка 6 курса медицинского факультета,</p><p>249039, г. Обнинск, тер. Студгородок, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6th year student, the faculty of medicine,</p><p>1 ter. Studgorodok, Obninsk, 249039</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">avdeenko.vita@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3258-0954</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хайлова</surname><given-names>Ж. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Hailova</surname><given-names>Zh. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., заместитель директора по организационно-методической работе,</p><p> г. Обнинск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), deputy director for organizational and methodological work,</p><p> </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7689-6032</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор РАН, директор, г. Обнинск;</p><p>профессор кафедры онкологии и рентгенорадиологии им. В. П. Харченко медицинского института, г. Москва;генеральный директор, г. Обнинск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), professor of the Russian Academy of Sciences, director, Obninsk;</p><p>professor of the department of oncology and x-ray radiology named after V. P. Kharchenko, Moscow;</p><p>general manager, Obninsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НМИЦ радиологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МРНЦ им. А. Ф. Цыба – филиал ФГБУ «НМИЦ радиологии» Минздрава России;&#13;
ИАТЭ НИЯУ МИФИ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A. F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center – Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center;&#13;
IATE MEPHI</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ИАТЭ НИЯУ МИФИ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>IATE MEPHI</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МРНЦ им. А. Ф. Цыба – филиал ФГБУ «НМИЦ радиологии» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A. F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center – Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МРНЦ им. А. Ф. Цыба – филиал ФГБУ «НМИЦ радиологии» Минздрава России;&#13;
Российский университет дружбы народов;&#13;
НМИЦ радиологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A. F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center – Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center;&#13;
Peoples Friendship University of Russia;&#13;
National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>08</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>145</fpage><lpage>159</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Северская Н.В., Невольских А.А., Авдеенко В.А., Хайлова Ж.В., Иванов С.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Северская Н.В., Невольских А.А., Авдеенко В.А., Хайлова Ж.В., Иванов С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Severskaya N.V., Nevolskikh A.A., Avdeenko V.A., Hailova Z.V., Ivanov S.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rpmj.ru/rpmj/article/view/831">https://www.rpmj.ru/rpmj/article/view/831</self-uri><abstract><p>Колоректальный рак (КРР) занимает третье место в мире по распространенности и второе место в структуре смертности от злокачественных новообразований. Для выявления КРР на ранней стадии, а также профилактики его развития за счет удаления предраковых новообразований, во многих странах проводится скрининг КРР, включающий анализ кала на скрытую кровь и колоноскопию. Стратегия тестирования кала на скрытую кровь основана на том, что уже на ранних стадиях опухоль может кровоточить, и небольшие следы крови в стуле обнаруживаются до появления клинических симптомов заболевания. В разных странах используется свой подход к организации скрининга КРР, включая методы исследования кала на скрытую кровь. Для определения скрытой крови в кале используются химический и иммунохимический методы. Химический метод основан на выявлении пероксидазной активности гема. Иммунохимический метод выявляет глобин человека с помощью специфических антител. Иммунохимический метод может быть качественным и количественным. Чувствительность количественного иммунохимического теста зависит от выбранного порогового значения и стадии КРР. Чем ниже пороговое значение, тем выше чувствительность, но ниже специфичность за счет ложноположительных результатов. В разных странах в программах скрининга КРР используют различные пороговые значения количественного иммунохимического теста, что связано с доступностью колоноскопии при получении положительного результата, а также частотой встречаемости КРР в данной популяции. Для повышения чувствительности иммунохимического теста в некоторых программах предлагают использовать его в комбинации с другими методами: определение ДНК в стуле, исследование других белков в кале (трансферрин, гаптоглобин). В данном обзоре представлены используемые в мире методы исследования кала на скрытую кровь, их преимущества и ограничения; рекомендации по представлению результатов количественного иммунохимического теста; рекомендованные в программах скрининга разных странах пороговые значения для количественных иммунохимических тестов. Представлены также результаты пилотного скрининга кала на скрытую кровь в некоторых регионах Российской Федерации.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide and ranks second as a cause of cancer mortality. CRC screening is carried out in many countries for detection early-stage CRC and its prevention by removing precancerous lesions, and includes fecal occult blood testing and colonoscopy. Different countries use their own approach to screening, including methods of detection of fecal occult blood. The strategy for fecal occult blood testing is based on the fact that already in the early stages the tumor can bleed, and small traces of blood in the stool are detected before the onset of clinical symptoms of the disease. Different countries use their own approach to the CRC screening, including methods for fecal occult blood testing. Chemical and immunochemical methods are used to determine occult blood in the feces. The chemical method is based on the detection of heme peroxidase activity. The immunochemical method detects human globin using specific antibodies. The immunochemical method can be qualitative and quantitative. The sensitivity of a quantitative immunochemical test depends on the selected threshold and the stage of CRC. The lower the threshold value, the higher the sensitivity, but the lower the specificity due to false positive results. CRC screening programs use different thresholds for quantitative immunochemical testing in different countries, which is caused by the availability of colonoscopy in a positive test result, as well as the rate of CRC in this population. To increase the sensitivity of the immunochemical test, some programs suggest using it in combination with other methods: detection of DNA in stool, examination of other proteins in feces (transferrin, haptoglobin). This review presents the methods used in the world for fecal occult blood testing, their advantages and limitations; recommendations for reporting the results of a quantitative immunochemical test; thresholds recommended in screening programs in different countries for quantitative immunochemical tests. The results of pilot screening for fecal occult blood testing in some regions of the Russian Federation are also presented.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>колоректальный рак</kwd><kwd>скрининг</kwd><kwd>скрытая кровь</kwd><kwd>фекальный иммунохимический тест</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>colorectal cancer</kwd><kwd>screening</kwd><kwd>fecal occult blood</kwd><kwd>fecal immunochemical test</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, et al. 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