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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rpmj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Research'n Practical Medicine Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Research and Practical Medicine Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2410-1893</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"QUASAR", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17709/2410-1893-2022-9-4-13</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rpmj-849</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Review</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Глобальное бремя колоректального рака: эпидемиология, факторы риска</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Global burden of colorectal cancer: epidemiology, risk factors</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7786-3777</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Медведева</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Medvedeva</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Медведева Евгения Александровна – кандидат медицинских наук, ассистент кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней и гастроэнтерологии, МГМСУ им. А. И. Евдокимова; врач гастроэнтеролог обособленного структурного подразделения № 3, ГБУЗ МО «Подольская областная больница»</p><p>127473, г. Москва, ул. Делегатская, д. 20, стр. 1,</p><p>142110, г. Подольск, ул. Кирова, д. 38 </p><p>SPIN: 7164-3821,</p><p>AuthorID: 950179</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeniya A. Medvedeva – Cand. Sci. (Med.), assistant at the department of propaedeutics of internal diseases and gastroenterology, Moscow State Medical University named after A. I. Evdokimova, Moscow, Russian Federation; gastroenterologist of a separate structural unit No. 3 of the Podolsk Regional Clinical Hospital</p><p>20/1 Delegatskaya str., Moscow 127473, </p><p>38 Kirova str., Podolsk 142110</p><p>SPIN: 7164-3821,</p><p>AuthorID: 950179</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">evgeniya0103med@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2179-8421</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марьин</surname><given-names>Г. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maryin</surname><given-names>G. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Марьин Герман Геннадьевич – доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры эпидемиологии</p><p>Москва</p><p>SPIN: 4205-1746,</p><p>AuthorID: 686015</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>German G. Maryin – Dr. Sci. (Med.), professor of the department of epidemiology</p><p>Moscow</p><p>SPIN: 4205-1746,</p><p>AuthorID: 686015</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лещенко</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Leshchenko</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лещенко Александр Александрович – врач гастроэнтеролог</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr A. Leshchenko – MD, gastroenterologist</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черногорова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernogorova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Черногорова Марина Викторовна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры гастроэнтерологии, ГБУЗ МО МОНИКИ им. М. Ф. Владимирского; заведующая обособленного структурного подразделения № 3, ГБУЗ МО «Подольская областная клиническая больница»</p><p>Москва, Подольск</p><p>, Российская Федерация.</p><p>SPIN: 1926-6831,</p><p>AuthorID: 1145422</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina V. Chernogorova – Dr. Sci. (Med.), professor of the department of gastroenterology, Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute named after M. F. Vladimirsky; head of a separate structural unit No. 3, Podolsk Regional Clinical Hospital</p><p>Moscow, Podolsk</p><p>AuthorID: 1145422</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долгова</surname><given-names>М. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolgova</surname><given-names>M. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Долгова Марина Борисовна – кандидат медицинских наук, врач-эндоскопист обособленного структурного подразделения № 3</p><p>Подольск</p><p>SPIN: 7634-3170,</p><p>AuthorID: 1151362</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina B. Dolgova – Cand.Sci. (Med.), endoscopist of the separate structural unit No. 3</p><p>Podolsk</p><p>SPIN: 7634-3170,</p><p>AuthorID: 1151362</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Назаров</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nazarov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Назаров Дмитрий Александрович – заместитель главного врача по лечебной работе</p><p>Москва</p><p>SPIN: 8830-3003,</p><p>AuthorID: 1132532</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry A. Nazarov – chief physician’s substitute for medical work</p><p>Moscow</p><p>SPIN: 8830-3003,</p><p>AuthorID: 1132532</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7689-6032</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иванов Сергей Анатольевич – доктор медицинских наук, профессор РАН, директор, МРНЦ им. А. Ф. Цыба – филиал ФГБУ «НМИЦ радиологии» Минздрава России; генеральный директор, ФГБУ «НМИЦ радиологии» Минздрава России, г. Обнинск, Российская Федерация; профессор кафедры онкологии и рентгенорадиологии им. В. П. Харченко медицинского института, ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов»</p><p>Обнинск,</p><p>Москва</p><p>SPIN: 4264-5167,</p><p>AuthorID: 710405,</p><p>ResearcherID: N-8221-2017,</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 16070399200</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergei A. Ivanov – Dr. Sci. (Med.), professor of the Russian Academy of Sciences, director, A. F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center – Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center; general manager, National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; professor of the department of oncology and x-ray radiology named after V. P. Kharchenko, Рeoples Friendship University of Russia</p><p>Obninsk, Moscow</p><p>SPIN: 4264-5167,</p><p>AuthorID: 710405,</p><p>ResearcherID: N-8221-2017,</p><p>Scopus Author ID: 16070399200</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГМСУ им. А. И. Евдокимова;&#13;
Подольская областная клиническая больница</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State Medical University named after A. I. Evdokimov;&#13;
Podolsk Regional Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>РМАНПО</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Главный военный клинический госпиталь им. академика Н. Н. Бурденко</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N. N. Burdenko Academician Main Military Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МОНИКИ им. М. Ф. Владимирского;&#13;
Подольская областная клиническая больница</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute named after M. F. Vladimirsky;&#13;
Podolsk Regional Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Подольская областная клиническая больница</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Podolsk Regional Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МРНЦ им. А. Ф. Цыба – филиал ФГБУ «НМИЦ радиологии» Минздрава России;&#13;
НМИЦ радиологии;&#13;
Российский университет дружбы народов</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A. F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center – Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Center;&#13;
National Medical Research Radiological Centre of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation;&#13;
Peoples Friendship University of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>134</fpage><lpage>146</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Медведева Е.А., Марьин Г.Г., Лещенко А.А., Черногорова М.В., Долгова М.Б., Назаров Д.А., Иванов С.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Медведева Е.А., Марьин Г.Г., Лещенко А.А., Черногорова М.В., Долгова М.Б., Назаров Д.А., Иванов С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Medvedeva E.A., Maryin G.G., Leshchenko A.A., Chernogorova M.V., Dolgova M.B., Nazarov D.A., Ivanov S.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rpmj.ru/rpmj/article/view/849">https://www.rpmj.ru/rpmj/article/view/849</self-uri><abstract><p>Несколько десятилетий назад колоректальный рак (КРР) диагностировался значительно реже. В настоящее время это четвертый, а в некоторых странах и третий по смертности рак в мире, от которого ежегодно умирает около миллиона человек. Большинство опухолей толстой кишки развиваются в результате многоступенчатого процесса, включающего ряд гистологических, морфологических и генетических изменений, частота обнаружения которых увеличиваются с возрастом пациента. Своевременный скрининг, направленный на выявление и удаление предраковых новообразований на ранних стадиях, может привести к существенному снижению заболеваемости КРР. Несмотря на это в настоящее время диагностируемый уровень КРР в повседневной клинической практике относительно низок, тем не менее, прогнозируется, что при персонализированном, основанном на индивидуальных данных анамнеза, скрининге КРР частота его выявления значительно возрастет. Практикующему врачу необходимо помнить о факторах риска, приводящих к КРР и различных стадиях развития заболевания, чтобы рекомендовать соответствующие стратегии скрининга. Использование анкетирования, включающего факторы риска, при сборе анамнеза позволит сократить экономические затраты и не пропустить когорту пациентов, нуждающихся в детальном обследовании. Цель обзора – представить современные данные по эпидемиологии КРР и факторам риска, способствующим возникновению КРР. Выполнен литературный обзор статей (оригинальные исследования и обзоры), опубликованных в период с 2016 по февраль 2022 гг., посвященных изучению факторов риска возникновения КРР. Использованы методы библиографического, информационного и семантического поиска источников в базах данных Google PubMed, Scopus. В статье подробно рассмотрена эпидемиология и освещены модифицированные и немодифицированные факторы риски КРР, в том числе рамках различных возрастных категориях. Подробно представлены данные о раннем КРР у молодых людей – клинические и молекулярные особенности, роль наследственного фактора в развитии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A few decades ago, colorectal cancer (CRC) was diagnosed much less frequently. It is currently the fourth and in some countries the third most lethal cancer in the world, with about one million deaths each year. Most colon tumors develop as a result of a multistep process involving a number of histological, morphological and genetic changes, the frequency of detection of which increases with the age of the patient. Timely screening aimed at identifying and removing precancerous neoplasms in the early stages can lead to a significant reduction in the incidence of CRC. Despite this, the currently diagnosed rate of CRC in everyday clinical practice is relatively low, however, it is predicted that with personalized, based on anamnesis, screening for CRC, the frequency of its detection will increase significantly. The practitioner needs to be aware of the risk factors leading to CRC and the various stages of disease progression in order to recommend appropriate screening strategies. The use of a surveys that includes risk factors in the collection of anamnesis will reduce economic costs and not miss a cohort of patients who need a detailed examination. The purpose of the review is to present current data on the epidemiology of CRC and risk factors contributing to the occurrence of CRC. A literature review of articles (original studies and reviews) published between 2016 and February 2022 on the study of risk factors for CRC was performed. The methods of bibliographic, informational and semantic search of sources in the databases of Google PubMed, Scopus were used. The article discusses in detail the epidemiology and highlights the modified and non-modified risk factors for CRC, including within different age categories. Data on early CRC in young people are presented in detail and carry clinical and molecular features, as well as the role of the hereditary factor in development.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>колоректальный рак</kwd><kwd>факторы риски (модифицированные</kwd><kwd>немодифицированные)</kwd><kwd>эпидемиология колоректального рака</kwd><kwd>генетические и клинические характеристики наследственных колоректальных раков</kwd><kwd>методы диагностики</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>colorectal cancer</kwd><kwd>risk factors (modified</kwd><kwd>unmodified)</kwd><kwd>epidemiology of colorectal cancer</kwd><kwd>genetic and clinical characteristics of hereditary colorectal cancers</kwd><kwd>diagnostic methods</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hases L, Ibrahim A, Chen X, Liu Y, Hartman J, Williams C. 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