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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rpmj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Research'n Practical Medicine Journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Research and Practical Medicine Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2410-1893</issn><publisher><publisher-name>"QUASAR", LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17709/2410-1893-2024-11-1-4</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">VOUACN</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rpmj-982</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Review</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Внеклеточные митохондрии – перспективные диагностические агенты</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Extracellular mitochondria as promising diagnostic agents</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3061-6108</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кит</surname><given-names>О. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kit</surname><given-names>О. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> </p><p>Кит Олег Иванович – д.м.н., профессор, академик РАН, генеральный директор ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Ростов-на-Дону, Российская Федерация</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3061-6108" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3061-6108</ext-link>, SPIN: 1728-0329, AuthorID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=343182" ext-link-type="uri">343182</ext-link>, Scopus Author ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=55994103100" ext-link-type="uri">55994103100</ext-link>, Researcher ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/U-2241-2017" ext-link-type="uri">U-2241-2017</ext-link></p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> </p><p>Oleg I. Kit – Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Academician of RAS, General Director of National Medical Research Centre for Oncology of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3061-6108" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3061-6108</ext-link>, SPIN: 1728-0329, AuthorID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=343182" ext-link-type="uri">343182</ext-link>, Scopus Author ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=55994103100" ext-link-type="uri">55994103100</ext-link>, Researcher ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/U-2241-2017" ext-link-type="uri">U-2241-2017</ext-link></p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">super.gormon@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3618-6890</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Франциянц</surname><given-names>Е. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Frantsiyants</surname><given-names>E. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> </p><p>Франциянц Елена Михайловна – д.б.н., профессор, заместитель генерального директора по науке ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Ростов-на-Дону, Российская Федерация</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3618-6890" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3618-6890</ext-link>, SPIN: 9427-9928, AuthorID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=462868" ext-link-type="uri">462868</ext-link>, Scopus Author ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=55890047700" ext-link-type="uri">55890047700</ext-link>, ResearcherID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/Y-1491-2018" ext-link-type="uri">Y-1491-2018</ext-link></p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> </p><p>Elena M. Frantsiyants – Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor, Deputy General Director for Science of National Medical Research Centre for Oncology of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3618-6890" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3618-6890</ext-link>, SPIN: 9427-9928, AuthorID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=462868" ext-link-type="uri">462868</ext-link>, Scopus Author ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=55890047700" ext-link-type="uri">55890047700</ext-link>, ResearcherID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/Y-1491-2018" ext-link-type="uri">Y-1491-2018</ext-link></p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">super.gormon@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2943-7655</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шихлярова</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shikhlyarova</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> </p><p>Шихлярова Алла Ивановна – д.б.н., профессор, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории изучения патогенеза злокачественных опухолей ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Ростов-на-Дону, Российская Федерация</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2943-7655" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2943-7655</ext-link>, SPIN: 6271-0717, Author ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=482103" ext-link-type="uri">482103</ext-link>, Scopus Author ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=6507723229" ext-link-type="uri">6507723229</ext-link>, Researcher ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/Y-6275-2018" ext-link-type="uri">Y-6275-2018</ext-link></p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> </p><p>Alla I. Shikhlyarova – Dr. Sci. (Biology), Professor, Senior Researcher at Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Pathogenesis Study, National Medical Research Centre for Oncology of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2943-7655" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2943-7655</ext-link>, SPIN: 6271-0717, Author ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=482103" ext-link-type="uri">482103</ext-link>, Scopus Author ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=6507723229" ext-link-type="uri">6507723229</ext-link>, Researcher ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/Y-6275-2018" ext-link-type="uri">Y-6275-2018</ext-link></p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shikhliarova.a@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7395-3086</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нескубина</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Neskubina</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> </p><p>Нескубина Ирина Валерьевна – к.б.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории изучения патогенеза злокачественных опухолей ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Ростов-на-Дону, Российская Федерация</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7395-3086" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7395-3086</ext-link>, SPIN: 3581-8531, AuthorID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=794688" ext-link-type="uri">794688</ext-link>, Scopus Author ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=6507509066" ext-link-type="uri">6507509066</ext-link>, ResearcherID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/AAG-8731-2019" ext-link-type="uri">AAG-8731-2019</ext-link></p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> </p><p>Irina V. Neskubina – Cand. Sci. (Biology), Senior Researcher at Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Pathogenesis Study, National Medical Research Centre for Oncology of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7395-3086" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7395-3086</ext-link>, SPIN: 3581-8531, AuthorID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.elibrary.ru/author_profile.asp?id=794688" ext-link-type="uri">794688</ext-link>, Scopus Author ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=6507509066" ext-link-type="uri">6507509066</ext-link>, ResearcherID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/AAG-8731-2019" ext-link-type="uri">AAG-8731-2019</ext-link></p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">neskubina.irina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0796-3307</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильченко</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilchenko</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> </p><p>Ильченко Сергей Александрович – к.м.н., врач-онколог отделения абдоминальной онкологии №1, заместитель генерального директора по образовательной деятельности ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Ростов-на-Дону, Российская Федерация</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0796-3307" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0796-3307</ext-link>, SPIN: 2396-8795, AuthorID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.elibrary.ru/author_items.asp?authorid=705986" ext-link-type="uri">705986</ext-link>, Scopus Author ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57201300417" ext-link-type="uri">57201300417</ext-link></p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> </p><p>Sergey A. Ilchenko – Cand. Sci. (Medicine), MD, Oncologist doctor at the Abdominal Oncology Department No. 1, Deputy CEO for Educational Activities, National Medical Research Centre for Oncology of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation</p><p>ORCID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0796-3307" ext-link-type="uri">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0796-3307</ext-link>, SPIN: 2396-8795, AuthorID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.elibrary.ru/author_items.asp?authorid=705986" ext-link-type="uri">705986</ext-link>, Scopus Author ID: <ext-link xlink:href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=57201300417" ext-link-type="uri">57201300417</ext-link></p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ilchenkosergei@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации&lt;p&gt;&#13;
г. Ростов-на-Дону, Российская Федерация</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Centre for Oncology of the Ministry of Health of Russia &lt;p&gt;&#13;
Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>40</fpage><lpage>53</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кит О.И., Франциянц Е.М., Шихлярова А.И., Нескубина И.В., Ильченко С.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кит О.И., Франциянц Е.М., Шихлярова А.И., Нескубина И.В., Ильченко С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kit О.I., Frantsiyants E.M., Shikhlyarova A.I., Neskubina I.V., Ilchenko S.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.rpmj.ru/rpmj/article/view/982">https://www.rpmj.ru/rpmj/article/view/982</self-uri><abstract><p>На сегодняшний день существует новая концепция, согласно которой митохондрии естественным образом циркулируют в крови, и это характерно как для человека, так и для животных. Считается, что из-за своего небольшого размера (50–400 нм) циркулирующие митохондрии могут легко проходить через тканевые барьеры. Феномен межклеточного переноса митохондрий, который является двунаправленным, наблюдался in vitro и in vivo, как в физиологических, так и в патофизиологических условиях, а также среди различных клеток, включая клетки злокачественных опухолей. Предполагается, что циркулирующие бесклеточные интактные митохондрии играют активную биологическую и физиологическую роль, поскольку митохондрии уже известны как системные посредники в межклеточной коммуникации, передающие наследственные и ненаследственные биологические компоненты. Во внеклеточном пространстве были обнаружены компоненты митохондрий клеточного происхождения, включая митохондриальную ДНК (мтДНК). В плазме крови здоровых людей примерно в 50 000 раз больше копий митохондриального генома, чем ядерного генома, исследователи подтвердили, что бесклеточная ДНК митохондрий (McfDNA) достаточно стабильна для обнаружения и количественного определения, подразумевая наличие стабильных структур, защищающих эти молекулы ДНК. Циркулирующий митохондриальный геном, который высвобождается в виде бесклеточной мтДНК, признан новым биомаркером митохондриального стресса и передачи сигналов. McfDNA стала привлекательным циркулирующим биомаркером из-за ее потенциального использования в диагностических программах при различных заболеваниях: диабет, острый инфаркт миокарда, рак. Несомненно, обнаружение циркулирующих митохондрий и их ДНК в биологических жидкостях организма открывает новое перспективное научное направление в биологии и медицине.</p><p>В обзоре проведен анализ современных научных данных, посвященных доказательству существования внеклеточных митохондрий, их функций вне клетки и диагностической ценности.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Nowadays, there is a new concept that says that mitochondria naturally circulate in the blood and this is characteristic of both human and animal bodies. It is believed that circulating mitochondria can easily pass through tissue barriers due to their small size (50–400 nm). The phenomenon of mitochondrial intercellular transfer, which is bidirectional, has been observed in vitro and in vivo, under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions, and among a variety of cells, including malignant tumor cells. Circulating cell-free intact mitochondria are thought to play an active biological and physiological role, as mitochondria are already known to be systemic mediators of intercellular communication, transmitting hereditary and non-hereditary biological components, including MtDN A. Mitochondrial components of cellular origin, including mitochondrial DNA, were detected in the extracellular space. There are about 50,000 times more copies of the mitochondrial genome than the nuclear genome in the blood plasma of healthy people. The researchers confirmed that mitochondrial cell-free DNA (McfDNA) is stable enough for detection and quantification, implying that there are stable structures protecting these DNA molecules. The circulating mitochondrial genome, which is released as a cell-free mitochondrial DNA, is recognized as a new biomarker of mitochondrial stress and signal transduction. McfDNA has become an attractive circulating biomarker because of its potential use in diagnostic programs for various diseases, e. g., diabetes, acute myocardial infarction, and cancer. There is no doubt that detection of circulating mitochondria and their DNA in body fluids opens up a new promising scientific direction in biology and medicine. The article analyzes modern scientific data devoted to proving the existence of extracellular mitochondria, their functions outside the cell and diagnostic value.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>митохондрии</kwd><kwd>митохондриальная ДНК</kwd><kwd>внеклеточные митохондрии</kwd><kwd>злокачественные новообразования</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mitochondria</kwd><kwd>mitochondrial DNA</kwd><kwd>extracellular mitochondria</kwd><kwd>malignant neoplasms</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Al Amir Dache Z, Otandault A, Tanos R, Pastor B, Meddeb R, Sanchez C, et al. Blood contains circulating cell-free respiratory competent mitochondria. FASEB J. 2020 Mar;34(3):3616–3630. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.201901917rr</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Al Amir Dache Z, Otandault A, Tanos R, Pastor B, Meddeb R, Sanchez C, et al. 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