Митохондрии трансформированной клетки как мишень противоопухолевого воздействия

Митохондрии представляют собой внутриклеточные органеллы в эукариотических клетках, которые участвуют в биоэнергетическом метаболизме и клеточном гомеостазе, включая генерацию аденозинтрифосфата (АТФ) посредством транспорта электронов и окислительного фосфорилирования в сочетании с окислением метаболитов циклом трикарбоновых кислот и катаболизмом жирных кислот с помощью β-окисления. Митохондрии производят активные формы кислорода (АФК), инициируют и реализуют апоптоз, активируют многочисленные пути передачи сигналов, связанные со смертью клеток, регулируя транслокацию проапоптотических белков из промежуточного пространства митохондрий в цитозоль. Этим обусловлено появление новой дисциплины — медицины митохондрий. В обзоре рассмотрены и проанализированы научные публикации, посвященные роли митохондрий в жизнеобеспечении трансформированных клеток, изучению их особенностей структурно функциональных дисфункций в рамках митохондриальной медицины. Митохондриальная медицина является развивающейся дисциплиной, значение которой вытекает из центральной функции митохондрий в производстве АТФ, генерации АФК и гибели клеток в результате некроза или апоптоза. Следовательно, осмысление роли митохондриальной дисфункции в изучении патофизиологии рака, многих других распространенных заболеваний весьма важно. Это дает импульс развитию митохондриальной фармакологии с использованием митохондрий как мишеней для различного рода воздействий, что может служить биохимической основой при разработке новых противоопухолевых средств. Возможно, комбинированное использование модуляторов метаболизма митохондрий и средств противоопухолевой терапии будет способствовать появлению нового направления в противоопухолевом лечении, которое послужит существенному повышению эффективности лечения онкобольного.

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