THE STUDY THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS

Abstract:

Effective treatment of patients with infectious and inflammatory diseases of the skin and mucous membranes often involves the use of antimicrobial agents.

The purpose of the study was an in vitro estimation of cytotoxicity and the efficiency of national resources for local use: gel with bacteriophages («Otofag», «Fagogin», «Fagoderm», «Fagodent») and antiseptic — «Сhlorhexidine» and «Miramistin».

Materials and Methods. To study the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents they used to provide crop strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes as one of the most common representatives of pathogens. The study of cell viability and cytotoxicity antimicrobials performed on cell lines KB — epidermoid carcinoma of the oral cavity of a human. For this purpose we use mikrotetrazoly test, which is widely used in the assessment of the effects on the cells of toxins, pharmaceuticals, adverse environmental factors, allowing to evaluate the toxicity of investigational drugs in vitro.

The results showed that the efficacy against pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes, has even a 10‑fold dilution of «Сhlorhexidine» 0.05% and gels with bacteriophages. Antiseptic «Miramistin» is effective only on the initial concentration. The study of cytotoxicity showed that the processing of epidermoid carcinoma cells with «Chlorhexidine» and «Мiramistin» invokes the irreversible reactions, while the composition processing of gels based on bacteriophages not further affect cell viability.

Conclusions The results of the experiment confirmed the significant toxicity of tools such as «Сhlorhexidine» and «Miramistin» in proposed concentrations in the pharmacy network. Despite the high efficiency of these vehicles with regard to the studied pathogens, their long-term use in treatment of inflammatory diseases of the skin and mucous membranes can cause a slowing of repair processes. Gel means with bacteriophages «Fagodent» «Otofag» «Fagogin» and «Fagoderm» are highly effective and have no toxic effects on the cells. In this regard, they can be an effective and safe alternative to the popular antiseptic.

1. Lopatin A. S., Gamov V. P. Ostryi i khronicheskii rinosinusit: etiologiya, patogenez, klinika, diagnostika i printsipy lecheniya. Uchebnoe posobie. M.: MIA, 2014. (Russian)

2. Pod red. Makarova O. V., Aleshkina V. A., Savchenko T. N. Infektsii v akusherstve i ginekologii. M.: MEDpress-inform, 2009. (Russian)

3. Shikhanova E. N. Mikrobiotsenoz akne-elementov u patsientov s ugrevoi bolezn’yu i ego izmenenie pod vliyaniem liposomal’nykh form antibiotikov: Dis. … kand. med. nauk: 03.00.07/Stavr. gos. med. akad. Stavropol’. 2009. (Russian)

4. Thomas P. Habif, Clinical dermatology: A color guide to diagnosis and therapy.5th edition. Elsevier Science. 2010.

5. 5. Grudyanov A. I. Zabolevaniya parodonta. M.: Meditsinskoe informatsionnoe agentstvo, 2009. (Russian)

6. Labinskaya A. S., Kostyukova N. N. i dr. Pod red. A. S. Labinskoi. Rukovodstvo po meditsinskoi mikrobiologii. Kniga 3. Tom 2. M.: Binom, 2014. (Russian)

7. Grabov I. I. Estestvennaya indutsirovannaya izmenchivost’ mikroorganizmov. Zhurnal mikrobiologii, epizootologii i immunologii. 1988; ZZ: 18–23. (Russian)

8. Mel’nikova V. M., Belen’kaya G. M. Izmenchivost’ nekotorykh biologicheskikh svoistv stafilokokkov v zavisimosti ot stadii I kharaktera ranevogo protsessa//Tezisy dokladov XI Mezhdunarodnoi konferentsii po mikrobiologii. M., 1966. s.427. (Russian)

9. Romero, F. J., Bosch F.-Morell, Roma J. Lipid peroxidation products and antioxidants in human disease. Environmental Health Perspectives Supplements.1998; 106 (5): 1229–1234.

10. Peterson, P. K., Schmeling D., GearyInhibition P. P., et al. Inhibition of alternative complement pathway opsonization by group A streptococcal M protein. J Infect Dis. 1979; 139 (5): 75–85.

11. Schuetz, E. G., Furaya K. N., Schuetz J. D. Interindividual variation in expression of P‑glycoprotein in normal human liver and secondary hepatic neoplasms. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 1995; 275 (2): 1011–1018.

12. Greco, R. L., De Martino L., Donnarumma G., et al. Invasion of cultured human cells bi Streptococcus pyogenes. Res. Microbiol. 1995; 146 (7): 5551–5560.

13. Angotoeva I. B., Piskunov G. Z. Lekarstvennye sredstva v praktike otorinolaringologa. M.: MIA, 2014. (Russian)

14. Kulakov V. I., Serov V. N., Gasparov A. S. Ginekologiya. M.: MIA, 2005. (Russian)

15. Pestrikova T.Yu., Yurasova E. A., Yurasov I. V. Medikamentoznaya terapiya v praktike akushera-ginekologa. M.: Litterra, 2011. (Russian)

16. Pod red. E. Finleya, M. Chaudkheri. Dermatologiya v klinicheskoi praktike. M.: Prakticheskaya meditsina, 2011. (Russian)

17. Pod red. M. N’yuman, A. van Vinkel’khoff; Per. M. Larinoi. Antimikrobnye preparaty v stomatolgicheskoi praktike. M.: Azbuka, 2004. (Russian)

18. Afinogenov G. E., Eropkina E. M., Bondarenko V. M., Eropkin M. Yu. Issledovanie protivomikrobnoi aktivnosti i tsitotoksichnosti antiinfektsionnykh preparatov na modeli kul’tury kletok cheloveka. Zhurn. mikrobiol. 1996; 5: 3–7. (Russian)

19. Eropkina E. M., Afinogenov G. E., Eropkin M.Yu. Sravnitel’noe issledovanie antimikrobnogo i tsitotoksicheskogo deistviya antiseptikov in vitro s primeneniem modeli kul’tury embrional’nykh fibroblastov cheloveka. Toksikol. vestnik. 1997; 2: 12–17. (Russian)

20. Volkov E. A., Nikitin V. V., Pashkova G. S. i dr. Ispol’zovanie sredstva na osnove bakteriofagov v kompleksnom lechenii infektsionno-vospalitel’nykh zabolevanii parodonta. Rossiiskii stomatologicheskii zhurnal. 2013; 5: 11–13. (Russian)

21. Nikitin V. V., Pashkova G. S., Isadzhanyan K. E. i dr. Poisk bezopasnykh i effektivnykh metodov korrektsii balansa mikroflory polosti rta. Analiz oprosa vrachei-stomatologov. Parodontologiya. 2014; 19 (2): 36–40. (Russian)

22. Zurabov A.Yu., Karkishchenko N. N., Popov D. V. i dr. Sozdanie otechestvennoi kollektsii bakteriofagov i printsipy razrabotki lechebno–profilakticheskikh fagovykh preparatov. Biomeditsina. 2012; 1: 134–138. (Russian)

23. Zurabov A.Yu., Zhilenkov E. L., Popov D. V. i dr. Fagovyi preparat «Fagoderm» i perspektivy ego ispol’zovaniyav dermatologii I kosmetologii. Vestnik Esteticheskoi Meditsiny. 2012; 11 (3): 56–63. (Russian)