Очаговый саркоидоз селезенки: клинико-диагностические характеристики

Цель исследования. Анализ литературных данных, посвященных случаям очагового проявления саркоидоза селезенки.
Материалы и методы. Проведен поиск публикаций в базе данных PubMed, используя ключевые слова «splenic sarcoidosis» (саркоидоз селезенки), «isolated splenic sarcoidosis» (изолированный саркоидоз селезенки) и «primary splenic sarcoidosis» (первичный саркоидоз селезенки) за период с 1944 по 2024 гг. Были отобраны статьи с описанием клинических наблюдений саркоидоза селезенки, где можно было достоверно определить наличие очагового проявления саркоидоза селезенки с описательной картиной диагностики, морфологической верификацией, а также с дополнительной информацией о поражении других органов.
Результаты. При анализе данных статей было выявлено 128 случаев саркоидоза селезенки, из них изолированный очаговый саркоидоз селезенки выявлен в 41 (32,0 %) случае. Сочетанный саркоидоз (при котором поражение селезенки сочеталось с одной или двумя другими локализациями, либо было в составе множественного поражения всего организма) составил 68,0 % наблюдений. Cаркоидоз развился синхронно или после хирургического лечения онкологического заболевания в 22 (17,2 %) случаях: синхронно – 12 (54,5 %) наблюдений; в послеоперационном периоде – 10 (45,5 %). Провед анализ выявленных наблюдений. Выделены основные клинические и лучевые характеристики очагового саркоидоза селезенки, а также наиболее часто встречаемых в нашем анализе других локализаций.
Заключение. Проявление поражений селезенки может варьироваться от бессимптомного течения до критических состояний пациентов. Очаговые образования селезенки встречаются достаточно редко, что затрудняет сбор данных больших групп однородных морфологических форм для анализа и выработки критериев дифференциальной диагностики, поэтому наличие очага в селезенке, зачастую, вызывает сложности у специалистов при постановке диагноза. В обзоре определены показатели встречаемости очагового саркоидоза селезенки и выделены его основные клинические и лучевые характеристики. Знание этих признаков позволяет дифференцировать заболевание, особенно при изолированном поражении.

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